In summary, MSC MVs increased alveolar fluid clearance and reduced lung protein permeability, and pretreatment with Poly (I:C) enhanced the antimicrobial activity of MVs in an ex vivo perfused human lung with severe bacteria pneumonia.

Serial evaluation of SOFA score during the first few days after PICU admission was a good predictor of prognosis in pediatric oncology patients mechanically ventilated over 3 days. Independent of initial SOFA score, Δ-SOFA score during the first 72 hours closely correlated with outcome. Early changes in respiratory parameters, such as P/F ratio, OI, and VI, may also provide valuable prognostic information in such patients.