PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence and type distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in genital warts of Korean men, and for the first time, to describe the risk factors associated with high-risk HPV infection in male genital warts.Materials and MethodsIn a single private clinic, 150 consecutive male patients with histopathologic-confirmed genital warts who underwent HPV genotyping by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in this study. We detected HPV DNA in male genital warts and evaluated HPV type distribution, especially high-risk HPV types, by use of PCR. The associations between HPV prevalence and various characteristics, such as age, circumcision status, type of genital warts diagnosis (new vs. recurrent), number of lesions, site of lesions, and gross morphology, were assessed by use of unconditional multiple logistic regression.ResultsHigh-risk HPV types were detected in 31 cases (23.5%), and of these, 27 cases (20.5%) contained both high-risk and low-risk HPV types. The most frequently detected high-risk HPV types were HPV16 (6.8%), HPV33 (4.5%), HPV18 (2.3%), and HPV68 (2.3%). In particular, the prevalence of infection with HPV16 and/or HPV18 was 8.3% (11 of 132). In the multivariate analysis, lesions located at sites including the base of the penis or the pubic area, papular or mixed genital warts, and lack of circumcision significantly increased the association with high-risk HPV infection in male genital warts.ConclusionsThe prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was substantial in male genital warts. The site and morphology of lesions and circumcision status were significantly associated with the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection.
PurposeThe prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level decreases after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, changes in the PSA level after potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser vaporization of the prostate are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of KTP laser vaporization of the prostate on PSA levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Materials and MethodsSerum PSA levels were checked before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure in patients who underwent KTP laser vaporization between October 2004 and August 2008. Patients with prostate cancer, a history of urinary retention, or prostatitis during the follow-up period were excluded. The results for 278 patients were studied.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 69.0±6.7 years (range, 50-91 years) and the mean preoperative PSA level was 2.72±2.93 ng/ml. The PSA level tended to be increased at 1 month after the operation (3.18±3.23 ng/ml, p=0.032) but decreased within 3 months and became stabilized after 6 months at 1.79±1.82 ng/ml (p<0.001).ConclusionsPSA levels may increase after KTP laser vaporization for a certain period of time, but eventually decrease and become stabilized after 6 months. Therefore, it may be appropriate to wait up to 3 months if the PSA level rises after the procedure, and further investigation should be considered if the PSA level still remains high after 6 months.
Purpose:We investigated the predictors for developing intravesical recurrence following curative surgery for primary upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (UTTCC). Materials and Methods:The data of 207 patients without a prior history of bladder tumor or distant metastasis were analyzed. We evaluated the influence of multiple clinicopathologic parameters, such as age, sex, T stage, N stage, grade, carcinoma-in-situ, anatomical location, multifocality, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), preoperative urine cytology, and operative methods, on intravesical recurrence. Considering the possibility of bias from the effect of adjuvant treatment, the same analyses were performed in 184 patients excluding those who underwent adjuvant therapy. Mean follow-up was 59.7 months. Results: Of 207 patients, 91 (44%) experienced intravesical recurrence at a mean interval of 13.2 months. Among them, 66% (60/91) experienced intravesical recurrence within 12 months postoperatively. Eighty-nine percent of the recurred bladder tumors were superficial tumors and 64% were grade 1 or 2. Among the multiple parameters analyzed, LVI was the only significant predictor for intravesical recurrence in univariate and multivariate analysis (p=0.008; HR=1.911), whereas preoperative urine cytology was marginally significant. Similar results were obtained in the analysis for 184 patients without adjuvant therapy. Ten patients (11%) underwent muscle-invasive bladder tumor recurrence. Muscle-invasive bladder tumor recurrence was significantly associated with the presence of LVI compared with superficial bladder tumor recurrence (70% vs. 30%; p=0.005). Conclusions: LVI in primary UTTCC was a significant predictor of intravesical recurrence after curative surgery, whereas preoperative urine cytology was a possible predictor. Therefore, we recommend more rigorous cystoscopic follow-up in patients with these risk factors.
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