Prevalence and Determinants of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Male Genital Warts

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence and type distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in genital warts of Korean men, and for the first time, to describe the risk factors associated with high-risk HPV infection in male genital warts.Materials and MethodsIn a single private clinic, 150 consecutive male patients with histopathologic-confirmed genital warts who underwent HPV genotyping by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in this study. We detected HPV DNA in male genital warts and evaluated HPV type distribution, especially high-risk HPV types, by use of PCR. The associations between HPV prevalence and various characteristics, such as age, circumcision status, type of genital warts diagnosis (new vs. recurrent), number of lesions, site of lesions, and gross morphology, were assessed by use of unconditional multiple logistic regression.ResultsHigh-risk HPV types were detected in 31 cases (23.5%), and of these, 27 cases (20.5%) contained both high-risk and low-risk HPV types. The most frequently detected high-risk HPV types were HPV16 (6.8%), HPV33 (4.5%), HPV18 (2.3%), and HPV68 (2.3%). In particular, the prevalence of infection with HPV16 and/or HPV18 was 8.3% (11 of 132). In the multivariate analysis, lesions located at sites including the base of the penis or the pubic area, papular or mixed genital warts, and lack of circumcision significantly increased the association with high-risk HPV infection in male genital warts.ConclusionsThe prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was substantial in male genital warts. The site and morphology of lesions and circumcision status were significantly associated with the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection.

Type Distribution of Human Papillomavirus in Genital Warts of Korean Men

“…HPV type 16 was shown to be the second most common type of HR types in both the total genital condyloma and non-urethral condyloma groups. Conversely, in the urethral condyloma group, HPV type 16 (12.5%) was the most frequently detected, and this result is consistent with previous reports [15][16][17][18][19]. Arroyo et al [9] reported that HPV type 16 was related to a higher number of lifetime sexual partners; the subjects in each previous study had differences of sexual partners and sexual behavior, thus influencing the prevalence of HPV types, including HPV type 16.…”

“…This finding was inconsistent with the previous studies. In addition, samples in which HPV type 6 or 11 were detected accounted for 53.6% to 91.7% in previous studies [8,15,16]. In our study, all samples from the urethral condyloma group and 90.2% from the non-urethral condyloma group had HPV type 6 or 11.…”

“…Anic et al [15] reported that HPV type 6 (43.8%), HPV type 11 (10.7%), and HPV type 16 (9.8%) were the most prevalent types. Park et al [16] reported that the most common types were HPV types 6 (76.5%), 11 (15.9%), 40 (7.6%), and 16 (7.6%). In a study by Freire et al [17], HPV types 6 (17.7%), 42 (13.8%), 16 (11.8%), and 51 (11.0%) were reported to be the most common.…”

The main predictors of human papillomavirus infection in couples

“…В меньшей степени известно о течении ПВИ такого рода у мужчин, при том, что распространенность ВПЧ в мужской попу-ляции, согласно зарубежным данным [3], колеблет-ся от 5,5 до 76%. Для мужчин не существует стан-дартных программ, направленных на выявление носителей вируса при латентной и субклинической формах, наиболее надежным диагностическим ме-тодом при отсутствии клинических проявлений яв-ляется тестирование на ДНК ВПЧ [4,5].…”

“…Как известно, инфекция, обусловлен-ная ВПЧ, у мужчин протекает преимущественно в субклинической форме. Это приводит к потенциаль-но большому числу бессимптомных носителей, кото-рые служат резервуаром и переносчиком вируса [3,4,6]. В результате обнаружение ВПЧ онкогенных типов становится проблемой не только инфицированных пациентов, но начинает представлять угрозу и для их сексуальных партнеров [4,9,10].…”