The hippocampus is vulnerable to uncontrollable stress and is enriched with oxytocin receptors, but their interactive influences on hippocampal functioning are unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on stress-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity and spatial memory in male rats. While vehicle-administered stressed rats showed impairment in long-term potentiation, enhancement in long-term depression, and weakened spatial memory, these changes were not observed in oxytocin-administered stressed rats. To reveal the potential signaling mechanism mediating these effects, levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK) in the hippocampus was examined. Western blotting showed that oxytocin treatment blocked stress-induced alterations of pERK. Additionally, the oxytocin receptor antagonist L-368,899 inhibited the oxytocin’s protective effects on hippocampal memory to stress. Thus, intranasal administration of oxytocin reduced stress effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in rats via acting on oxytocin receptors and regulating ERK activity. This study suggests that exogenous oxytocin may be a therapeutically effective means to counter the detrimental neurocognitive effects of stress.
The purpose of this paper is to understand the narrative characteristics of the webtoons <Barojabneun Soonaebo> and <Hositamtam>, their impact on the transmission of the Dangun myth and the significance of that impact. The stories of these webtoons are based on the ‘Dangun Myth’ recorded in Samgukyusa, especially the transformation of bear and tiger and the marriage of the bear and Hwanung. The ‘Dangun Myth’ in Samgukyusa is a well-known story to Korean readers, who learn about the Dangun myth at school. The webtoon which is using parody of Dangun myth can maximize the effect of parody. Readers of these webtoon easily understand the complex events using their background knowledge, and they actively express their feelings about the events unfolding in webtoons. In addition, the transcontextualization that occurs in the parody process heightens the entertainment value of the story of the Dangun myth while diluting its mythological power. This can be seen as an example of how the generation ranging from teens to 30-year-olds are enjoying the Dangun myth in a different way than before.
Disabled tumor suppressor genes and hyperactive oncogenes contribute considerably to cell fates during cancer development via genetic alterations such as somatic mutations. To date, little is known about how tumor suppressor genes react to diverse oncogenes during tumor progress. Our previous report showed that RUNX3 inhibits metastasis by preventing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and suppressed endothelial cell growth and tube formation in colorectal cancer. Hedgehog signaling is crucial for the physiological maintenance and self-renewal of stem cells, and its deregulation is responsible for their tumor development. The mechanisms that inhibit this pathway during the proliferation are poorly understood. Here, we show that the tumor suppressor RUNX3 modulates tumorigenesis in response to cancer cells induced by inhibition by oncogene Gli-1 ubiquitination. Moreover, we demonstrated that RUNX3 and Gli-1 expression had inverse correlation in colorectal cancer cells and tissues. We observed a direct interaction between RUNX3 and Gli-1, promoting ubiquitination of Gli-1 at the intracellular level. The increased ubiquitination of Gli-1 was induced through the E3 ligase β-TrCP. This novel RUNX3-dependent regulatory loop may limit the extent and duration of Hedgehog signaling during extension of tumor initiation capacity. Base on this research, a search for agents that can induce RUNX3 might result in new and effective therapies for colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Bo Ram Kim, Yoo Jin Na, Jung Lim Kim, Soyeon Jeong, Seong Hae Park, Min Jee Jo, YoonA Jeong, Dae-Hee Lee, Sang Cheul Oh. RUNX3 inhibits invasiveness and stemness through downregulation of Gli-1 in colon cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 102.
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