The cutting characteristics of biomaterials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) by tools are investigated with respect to cutting force, work piece surface roughness and tool flank wear by the vision system. Ti-6Al-4V ELI titanium turning is carried out with various cutting conditions; spindle rotational speed and feed rate. Back propagation neural networks (BPNs) are used for detection of tool wear. The input vectors of neural network comprise of spindle rotational speed, feed rates, vision flank wear, and cutting force signals. The output is the tool wear state which is either usable or failure. The detection of the abnormal states using BPNs achieves 97.5% reliability even when the spindle rotational speed and feed rate are changed.
The effect of glycerol as a drying control chemical additive for ambient pressure drying of silica aerogel was investigated. Silica hydrosol was prepared by the addition of 0.5~2.0 mass glycerol to the mixture of metal alkoxide (TEOS) precursor and isopropanol as a solvent. The glycerol additive in silica aerogel is located on the hydroxyls of silica surface and could suppress a formation of crack in silica aerogel during ambient drying. The addition of excess glycerol affected a gelation time and springback effect. Crack free silica aerogels were obtained. Specific surface area, average pore size, total pore volume, porosity and transparency of the silica aerogel were decreased but bulk density and hydrophobicity were increased as increasing the glycerol contents. Silica aerogel with 1 mass glycerol addition was showed 0.42 g/cm 3 of bulk density, 888 m 2 /g of specific surface area, 4.6 nm of average pore diameter and 85 of porosity.
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