This article reviews research on women-centered U.S. microenterprise development programs (MDPs) by applying the concepts of conversion factors and capability of Amartya Sen's capability approach. The article indicates how women-centered U.S. MDPs are appropriate in terms of reflecting women's unique conversion factors in their programs, such as financial, human, social capital, and other structural gender discriminations, and how effective they are in assisting women to improve their capabilities. It concludes that women-centered U.S. MDPs do not sufficiently address women's social environmental conversion factors in their programs, such as gender role and power relations.
The impact of globalization on the South Korean pre-school day-care system is examined in this article, which argues that market competition and deregulation that accompany neo-liberal globalization resulted in a decline in the quality of day-care service.The government loosened the qualifications for private service providers and teachers over a 10-year period beginning in the 1990s. This deregulation resulted in the low-service quality of private centers. Since 2003, the government has tried to improve the quality of private centers through subsidization and increased monitoring. However, these recent governmental efforts have not proved a success.
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