This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of
aqueous and 60% ethanol extracts of Allium ochotense
Prokh. against alcohol-induced cytotoxicity as well as on the activities of
alcohol-metabolic enzymes. Antioxidant effects of the extracts were analyzed
using 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazl,
ferric reducing antioxidant power, and malondialdehyde assays, and found that
both extracts exhibited considerable antioxidant activities. Additionally, both
extracts showed synergistic effects on the activities of alcohol-metabolic
enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, but not on the activity of aldehyde
dehydrogenase. In addition, 2’-7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein
diacetate (DCF-DA) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) assays revealed that aqueous and 60% ethanol extracts
reduced oxidative stress and increased cell viability. Moreover, both extracts
regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, namely B-cell lymphoma
(BCl-2), BCl-2 associated X (BAX), and pro-caspase-3, in HepG2 cells. In
conclusion, aqueous and 60% ethanol extracts of A.
ochotense Prokh. might be valuable functional materials derived
from natural resources for the prevention of ethanol-induced cytotoxicity.
The development of bioenergy through biomass has gained importance due to the increasing rates of fossil fuel depletion. Biomass is important to increase the productivity of bioethanol, and production of biomass with high biomass productivity, low lignin content, and high cellulose content is also important in this regard. Inorganic salts are important in the cultivation of biomass crops for the production of biomass with desirable characteristics. In this study, the roles of various inorganic salts in biomass and bioethanol production were investigated using an in vitro tobacco culture system. The inorganic salts evaluated in this study showed dramatic effects on tobacco plant growth. For example, H 2 PO 4 substantially improved plant growth and the root/shoot (R/S) ratio. The chemical compositions of tobacco plants grown in media after removal of various inorganic salts also showed significant differences; for example, lignin content was high after Mg 2+ removal treatment and low after K + treatment and H 2 PO 4 removal treatment. On the other hand, NO 3 and H 2 PO 4 treatments yielded the highest cellulose content , while enzymatic hydrolysis yielded the highest glucose concentration ratio 24 h after NH 4 + removal treatment. The ethanol productivity after H 2 PO 4 removal treatment was 3.95% (w/v) 24 h after fermentation and 3.75% (w/v) after 36 h. These results can be used as the basis for producing high-quality biomass for future bioethanol production.
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