Purpose: To predict the energy expenditure using the stress factor representing the ratio of the metabolic variation between pre-operation and post-operation in a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 17 patients (11 males and 6 females) who underwent PD at Chonbuk National University Hospital between March 2010 and October 2011. The rest energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry 1 day before and 3 days after surgery. The height, weight, and fat free mass were also measured 1 day before surgery. Results: The mean measured rest energy expenditure 1 day before PD (mREE pre ) and 3 days after PD (mREE post ) were significantly different (16.8±2.6 vs. 18.8±3.5 kcal/kg/d, P=0.0076). The stress factor, representing the ratio of the metabolic changes between pre-and post-PD, was 1.12±0.17. The recommended energy requirement for PD patients is estimated to be 23∼24 kcal/ideal body weight/d [determined from the measured preoperative rest energy expenditure (16.8±2.6 kcal/kg/d)×activity factor (1.2∼ 1.3)×stress factor (1.12)]. Conclusion: PD patients maintained a hypermetabolic status and the applicable stress factor was 1.12.
In this study, a nondestructive test (NDT) is performed to inspect the optimal design of a ground tracked combat vehicle for self-propelled artillery, tank, and armored vehicles. The minimum qualification required for personnel performing the NDT of a ground tracked combat vehicle was initially established in US military standards, and then applied to the Korean defense specifications to develop a ground tracked combat vehicle. However, the qualification standards of an NDT inspector have been integrated into NAS410 through the military and commercial specifications unification project that were applied in the existing aerospace/defense industry public standard. The design method for this study was verified by applying the optimal design to the liquid penetrant testing Al forging used in self-propelled artillery. This confirmed the reliability and soundness of the product.
Purpose: An accurate determination of energy expenditure is needed to prevent postoperative complications and provide effective medical care for surgical patients. The aim of this study was to compare measured resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) using an indirect calorimetry (IC) with the help of five predictive equations. Methods: The subjects chosen for the study were 18 patients (12 males, 6 females) who underwent PD at Chonbuk National University Hospital between March 2010 and October 2011. REE was measured by IC (ICREE) and calculated with the following five predictive equations-(eq REE)-Harris-Benedict (HB), Mifflin St. Jeor (MI), American College of Chest Physician (AC), Ireton-Jones (IJ) and Cunningham (CU) equation-on postoperative day 3. Results: The mean measured REE by IC was 1,117.9 ±180.2, whereas the mean predicted REE by HB, MI, AC,
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