BackgroundIn this study, we present a case of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) treated by marsupialization followed by surgical enucleation as a conservative approach. UA is a rare, benign, less aggressive, and less invasive variant of ameloblastoma that is observed quite often in younger patients. Radical approaches have effects on the physical and psychological development of a growing young patient; therefore, conservative approaches are widely used for UA management in children.Case presentationThis report described a case of an 11-year-old girl with UA of the mandibular molar–ramus area, which also involved impaction of the second and third molars. The lesion was marsupialized, and 31 months after marsupialization, surgical enucleation was performed with extraction of the impacted third molar. The second molar, which was preserved, spontaneously and completely erupted. No recurrence was observed during a 49-month follow-up.ConclusionsConservative treatments for UA in young patients have more advantages. Our results provide evidence that marsupialization is effective in regressing the lesion size to ease complete removal, preserving mandibular growth, maintaining involved second molar, and promoting the eruption of the tooth.

This paper considers belief propagation algorithm over pair-wise graphical models to develop low complexity, iterative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors. The pair-wise graphical model is a bipartite graph where a pair of variable nodes are related by an observation node represented by the bivariate Gaussian function obtained by marginalizing the posterior joint probability density under the Gaussian input assumption. Specifically, we consider two types of pair-wise models, the fully-connected and ring-type. The pair-wise graphs are sparse, compared to the conventional graphical model in [18], insofar as the number of edges connected to an observation node (edge degree) is only two. Consequently the computations are much easier than those of maximum likelihood (ML) detection, which are similar to the belief propagation (BP) that is run over the fully connected bipartite graph. The link level performance for non-Gaussian input is evaluated via simulations, and the results show the validity of the proposed algorithms. We also customize the algorithm with Gaussian input assumption to obtain the Gaussian BP run over the two pair-wise graphical models and, for the ring-type, we prove its convergence in mean to the linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimates. Since the maximum a posterior (MAP) estimator for Gaussian input is equivalent to the linear MMSE estimator, it shows the optimality, in mean, of the scheme for Gaussian input. Index TermsMarkov random field, low complexity MIMO detection, graph-based detection, belief propagation, sum-product algorithm, forward-backward recursion.

Polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal displays based on the Kerr effect are emerging due to their submillisecond response time, wide view and simple fabrication process. However, the conventional in-plane switching device exhibits a relatively high operating voltage because the electric fields are restricted in the vicinity of the electrode surface. To overcome this technical barrier, we propose a partitioned wall-shaped electrode configuration so that the induced birefringence is uniform between electrodes throughout the entire cell gap. Consequently, the operating voltage is reduced by ∼ 2.8× with two transistors. The responsible physical mechanisms are explained.

2010) Optimisation of electrode structure to improve the electro-optic characteristics of liquid crystal display based on the Kerr effect, Liquid Crystals, 37:2, 201-208, Liquid crystal displays based on the Kerr effect are emerging because of their attractive features, such as symmetric viewing angle, no need for alignment layer, and sub-millisecond response time. However, high operating voltage and low optical efficiency remain as challenges to be overcome. Here, we propose a new cell structure with a protrusion shape of electrode and a driving scheme using two transistors to reduce operating voltage and enhance light efficiency. Confirming simulation results are obtained.