Nicotiana otophora is a wild parental species of Nicotiana tabacum, an interspecific hybrid of Nicotiana tomentosiformis and Nicotiana sylvestris. However, N. otophora is least understood as an alternative paternal donor. Here, we compared the fully assembled chloroplast (cp) genome of N. otophora and with those of closely related species. The analysis showed a cp genome size of 156,073 bp and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, which contains a pair of inverted repeats separated by small and large single copies, containing 163 representative genes, with 165 microsatellites distributed unevenly throughout the genome. Comparative analysis of a gene with known function across Nicotiana species revealed 76 protein-coding sequences, 20 tRNA sequences, and 3 rRNA sequence shared between the cp genomes. The analysis revealed that N. otophora is a sister species to N. tomentosiformis within the Nicotiana genus, and Atropha belladonna and Datura stramonium are their closest relatives. These findings provide a valuable analysis of the complete N. otophora cp genome, which can identify species, elucidate taxonomy, and reconstruct the phylogeny of genus Nicotiana.
Peptides exhibit lower affinity and a shorter half-life in the body than antibodies. Conversely, peptides demonstrate higher efficiency in tissue penetration and cell internalization than antibodies. Regardless of the pros and cons of peptides, they have been used as tumor-homing ligands for delivering carriers (such as nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and cells) and cargoes (such as cytotoxic peptides and radioisotopes) to tumors. Additionally, tumor-homing peptides have been conjugated with cargoes such as small-molecule or chemotherapeutic drugs via linkers to synthesize peptide–drug conjugates. In addition, peptides selectively bind to cell surface receptors and proteins, such as immune checkpoints, receptor kinases, and hormone receptors, subsequently blocking their biological activity or serving as hormone analogs. Furthermore, peptides internalized into cells bind to intracellular proteins and interfere with protein–protein interactions. Thus, peptides demonstrate great application potential as multifunctional players in cancer therapy.
The rhizosphere of plants serves as a host for a number of microbiota. The mutualistic interaction between rhizosphere bacteria and plants supports the promotion of plant growth. These interactions also support responses against biotic and abiotic stresses through the modulation of plant metabolism. In the current study, we sought to investigate the effects of individual sugar, amino acid, and salicylic acid content upon cucumber plant salt tolerance with respect to Enterobacter sp. SE992 interactions. Enterobacter sp. SE992 was isolated from soil and identified through 16s rDNA sequences. Mechanisms of plant growth promotion were confirmed via tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid synthesis in bacterial culture medium. Salt tolerance of Enterobacter sp. SE992 was confirmed on bacterial media supplemented with 3 % NaCl. Greenhouse experiments revealed that soil salinity inhibited cucumber plant growth. However, inoculation of Enterobacter sp. SE992 into saline soil mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress, enhancing the length and biomass of shoots and roots. The concentrations of chlorophyll, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were decreased in salt-affected plants. Interaction with Enterobacter sp. SE992 resulted in the enhanced production of chlorophyll and sugars in stressed plants. Salinity correlated with a significant decrease in threonine, glutamine, cysteine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine levels but stimulated the accumulation of glycine, alanine, leucine, and lysine. Treatment with Enterobacter sp. SE992 ameliorated these stress effects and increased the levels of all amino acids. Marked accumulation of salicylic acid was observed in salt-infected plants, while inoculation with Enterobacter sp. SE992 suppressed salicylic acid synthesis. Our findings suggest that inoculation of Enterobacter sp. SE992 in soil can promote plant growth and increase stress tolerance by positively influencing plant metabolism under conditions of high salinity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.