Background and ObjectivesIncreasing evidence supports that psychological factors may be related to development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although psychological well-being, ill-being, and control strategy factors may play a significant role in CAD, rarely have these factors been simultaneously examined previously. We assessed comprehensive psychological factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Subjects and MethodsA total of 85 ACS patients (56 unstable angina, 29 acute myocardial infarction; 52.6±10.2 years; M/F=68/17) and 63 healthy controls (48.7±6.7 years, M/F=43/20) were included. Socio-demographic information, levels of psychological maladjustment, such as anxiety, hostility, and job stress, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and primary and secondary control strategy use were collected through self-report questionnaires.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the ACS group and control group in levels of anxiety, hostility, and job stress. However, ACS patients had significantly lower scores on the general health perception and bodily pain subscales of HRQoL than the control group. The ACS group, as compared with the controls, tended to use primary control strategies more, although not reaching statistical significance by univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting age and gender identified the physical domain of HRQoL {odds ratio (OR)=0.40}, primary control strategy (OR=1.92), and secondary control strategy (OR=0.53) as independent predictors of ACS.ConclusionPoor HRQoL and primary control strategy, proactive behaviors in achieving ones' goal, may act as risk factors for ACS, while secondary control strategy to conform to current situation may act as a protective factor for ACS.
Among power dissipation components, the leakage power has become more dominant with each successive technology node. A power gating technique has been widely used to reduce the standby leakage energy. In this work, we investigate the power gating strategy of TSV-based 3D IC stacking structures. Power gating control is becoming more complicated as more dies are stacked. We combine the on-chip PDN and TSV in a multilayered 3D IC for a power gating analysis of the static and dynamic voltage drops and in-rush current. Then, we propose a novel power gating strategy that optimizes the inrush current profile, subject to the voltage-drop constraints. Our power gating strategy provides a minimal wake-up latency such that the voltage noise safety margins are not violated. In addition, the layer dependency of the 3D IC on the power gating in terms of the wake-up time reduction is analyzed. We achieve an average wake-up time reduction of 28% for all cases with our adaptive power gating method that exploits location (or layer) information of the aggressors in a 3D IC.
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