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The article exposes a smart device designed for mitigating the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk using the internet of things. A portable smart alerting device is designed for ensuring safety in public places which can alert people when the guidelines given by the government were not followed and alert health authorities when any abnormalities found. By doing so, the spread of this fatal disease can be stopped. The modules of the proposed system include the face mask detection module, social distance alerting module, crowd detection and analysis module, health screening module and health assessment module. The proposed system can be placed in any public entrances to monitor people without human intervention. Firstly, the human face images are captured for face mask check, then the crowd analysis of the particular entrance where the person is entering is performed, thereafter health screening of the person is done and the values were imported to the health assessment module to check for any abnormalities. Finally, after all the conditions were met the door is opened automatically. The smart device can be installed and effectively used in many scenarios such as malls, stores, crowded places and campuses to avoid the risk of spread of the coronavirus.

Mobile IPv6 came as an extensively acknowledged technology to support mobility in networks. Home agents are in charge for the registration of mobile devices and act as a key entity for the tunneling of data packets to the corresponding registered mobile nodes. A single home agent has administrative control over the critical tasks including home agent registration management, maintenance of cache data and tunneling of data packets to the mobile nodes that are away from their home networks and so on. However in this approach, home agent act as the sole failure point, which gave rise to the placement of multiple home agents to overcome this issue. The load balancing mechanism for multiple home agent deployment faces the problem of improper load sharing, signaling overhead and synchronization issues. Moreover, failure detection and recovery mechanism are inefficient in nature. It experiences a significant delay in tunneling of data packets and suffers from disconnection making it incompetent for the use in real time applications. Most of the existing methods for load sharing and failure detection use the concept of exchange of router advertisement message named as "heart beat messages" at a constant rate. The reduction in the interval of router advertisement can result in signaling overhead and synchronization issues. Hence, this paper investigates and analyzes the various load balancing mechanisms of mobile IPv6. In addition, it presents the comparative study of the failure detection and recovery mechanism of existing methods. Finally, it concludes that future work can be extended in the domain of distributed active load sharing mechanism and proactive failure detection.

IPv6 mobility is an IETF standard that has added roaming capabilities of mobile node (MN). It allows MNs to travel from one network to another without any distraction in communication service. MNs register their current location to home stations and correspondent hosts via a process known as binding update. In IPv6 mobility, return routability protocol (RRP) is a standard procedure for updating the current location of MNs through binding update message to their communicants. However, RRP has several security threats and issues. Subsequently, RRP was integrated with identity-based encryption for improvement of security. Nevertheless, it suffers from some limitations such as inherent key escrow problem, lack of key revocation, high computational load and latency while providing security. Hence, this paper proposes a novel approach called optimised RRP using certificateless public key encryption to address these issues. The proposed protocol is simulated and validated using Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA)-a model checker. Finally, the simulation and numerical results illustrate the extent to which the proposed protocol surpasses the existing method in terms of enhanced security and significant reduction in communication payload with minimised latency.

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