The aim of the study was to evaluate of surface roughness and color changes of the resin-based five restorative dental materials after aging in liquids at different pH values. Totally 250 specimens were prepared, including 50 specimens for the each material group from five differentG5[GCFujiIILC]), using the 10-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness molds. A total of 50 specimens in the each group, were divided into five subgroups (n = 10) to be immerse into five liquids at different pH. After initial color and roughness measurements, samples were stored in the same liquids for 7 and 14 days and all of the measurements were repeated on the 7th and 14th days.scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses were performed in the all groups. When the color change(ΔE) results are examined statistically; most of the ΔE is in Fuji II LC; and at least in Filtek Z550, it was determined that cola and gastric acid had the greatest effect on ΔE averages and showed significant differences (p < .05). When the average roughness values(Ra) are analyzed statistically, the highest values were found in Fuji II LC and the lowest values were found in Filtek Z550 (p < .05). The liquids which had the highest roughness average (ΔRa) were statistically significant and gastric acid and orange juice were the most effective ones (p < .05). Asidic beverages significantly increased the surface roughness and discoloration of dental restorative materials. Research HighlightsThe results of this research showed that dental restorative materials, which are resin-based, affected both the color and surface roughness after waiting in the low pH value beverages.These results are supported with the scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images in our research. Clinically, this situation will create esthetic and functional problems in the dental filling restorations. For this reason, the results of this study seem to be important and we think that this article could be contribute to the literature. K E Y W O R D S AFM, color stability, SEM, surface roughness
Permanent Scatterers (PS) point velocities obtained by the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) method are generally determined using the linear regression model, which ignores periodic and seasonal effects. In this study, software was developed that can detect periodic effects by applying fast Fourier transformation (FFT) time series analysis to InSAR results. Using the FFT time series analysis, the periodic components of the surface movements at the PS points were determined, and then the annual velocity values free from periodic effects were obtained. The study area was chosen as the Gediz Graben, a tectonically active region where aseismic surface deformations have been observed in recent years. As a result, using the developed method, seasonal effects were successfully determined with the InSAR method at the PS points in the study area with a period of 384 days and an average amplitude of 19 mm. In addition, groundwater level changes of a water well in the region were modeled, and 0.93 correlation coefficient values were calculated between seasonal InSAR displacement values and water level changes. Thus, using the developed methodology, the relationship between the tectonic movement in the Gediz Graben in Turkey and the seasonal movements and the change in the groundwater level was determined.
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