Introduction White blood cells (WBCs) are immunity cells which fight against viruses and bacteria in the human body. Microscope images of captured WBCs for processing and analysis are important to interpret the body condition. At present, there is no robust automated method to segment and classify WBCs images with high accuracy. This paper aims to improve on WBCs image segmentation and classification method. Methods A triple thresholding method was proposed to segment the WBCs; meanwhile, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based binary classification model that adopts transfer learning technique was proposed to detect and classify WBCs as a healthy or a malignant. The input dataset of this research work is the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Image Database (ALL-IDB). The process first converts the captured microscope images into HSV format for obtaining the H component. Otsu thresholding is applied to segment the WBC area. A 13 × 13 kernel with two iterations was used to apply morphological opening on image to ameliorate output results. Collected cell masks were used to detect the contour of each cell on the original image. To classify WBCs into a healthy or a malignant category, characteristics and conditions of WBCs are to be examined. A transfer learning technique and pre-trained InceptionV3 model were employed to extract the features from the images for classification. Results The proposed WBCs segmentation method yields 90.45% accuracy, 83.81% of the structural similarity index, 76.25% of the dice similarity coefficient, and is computationally efficient. The accuracy of fine-tuned classifier model for training, validation and test sets are 93.27%, 92.31% and 96.15% respectively. The obtained results are high in accuracy and precision are over 96% and with lower loss value. Discussion Triple thresholding outperforms K-means clustering in segmenting smaller dataset. Pre-trained InceptionV3 model and transfer learning improve the flexibility and ability of classifier.

<span lang="EN-US">In recent years, indoor navigation and localization has become a popular alternative to paper-based maps. However, the most popular navigation approach of using the global positioning satellite (GPS) does not work well indoors and the majority of current approaches designed for indoor navigation does not provide realistic solutions to key challenges, including implementation cost, accuracy, longer computation processes, and practicality. The step count method was proposed to solve these issues. This paper introduces GoMap - a mobile-based indoor locator map application, which combines the step counting technique and augmented reality (AR). The design and architecture of GoMap is described in this paper. Two small-scale studies were conducted to demonstrate the performance of GoMap. The first study found that GoMap’s performance and accuracy was comparable to other step counting app such as “Google Fit”. The second part of the study demonstrated the feasibility of the application when used in a real-world setting. The findings from the studies show that GoMap is a promising application that can help the indoor navigation process.</span>

Three-dimensional (3D) geometric model shapes blending method can create various in-between models from two inputs of models shapes. Though, many blended shapes are implausible due to different inputs of model type, inappropriate matching-parts, improper parts-segmentation, and non-tally number of segmentation parts. are crucial and should be taken into account. The objective of this paper is to study the strengths and weaknesses of some prominent shapes blending methods and the 3D reconstruction methods. An interpolated shape blending program using the Laplacian-based contraction and Slinky-based segmentation method is developed to illustrate the critical problems arise in the shape blending process. Output results are to be compared with some prominent existing methods and one will observe the potential research direction in the blending research work

Background: Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disease in which abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) carry insufficient oxygen throughout the body. Conventional methods of thalassemia detection through a complete blood count (CBC) test and peripheral blood smear image still possess a lot of weaknesses. Methods: This paper proposes a hybrid segmentation method to segment the RBCs. It incorporates adaptive thresholding and canny edge method to segment the RBCs. Morphological operations are performed to clean the leftovers. Shape and texture features are extracted using the segmented masks and the gray level co-occurrence matrix. Data imbalance treatment is used for solving the imbalance cell type class in distribution. In the data resampling layer, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN), and random over sampling (ROS) are performed and evaluated using the decision tree and logistic regression. In the classification layer, the decision tree, random forest classifier and support vector machine (SVM) are assessed and compared for the best performance in classification. Results:The proposed method outperforms the other methods in the image segmentation layer with the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 89.88%. In the data resampling layer, ADASYN is employed as it is more accurate than the SMOTE and ROS. The random forest classifier is chosen at the classification layer as it is more accurate than the decision tree and support vector machine (SVM). Conclusions:The proposed method is tested on the latest dataset of erythrocyteIDB3 and it solves the issues of imbalanced data due to the insufficient cell classes.