Background. Regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) is a clinically advanced procedure for necrotic immature teeth. However, root canal walls of these teeth are brittle especially in the cervical region and need reinforcement. This in vitro study is conducted to evaluate the effect of intra-orifice barrier materials on the fracture resistance of immature teeth treated with regenerative procedure. Methods. Forty-eight maxillary central incisors were used. Twelve intact teeth were selected for the control group. Remained teeth were prepared using peeso drills to simulate immature teeth and assigned into three groups according to the intra-orifice barrier material placed over MTA (n=12); Composite resin (CR), ProRoot MTA and Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). Fracture strength test was applied using a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used at P=0.05. Results. A significant difference was obtained among groups (P<0.05). MTA showed the lowest fracture resistance (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found among RMGIC, CR, and control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. Intra-orifice restorative materials have reinforcement affect in immature teeth treated with regenerative endodontic procedure. RMGIC or CR can be regarded as a viable choice to reduce the occurrence of cervical root fracture of immature teeth treated with a regenerative therapy.
Separated root canal instruments may affect the quality of root canal obturation and hence the survival of endodontically treated teeth. Obturation techniques may influence filling-quality. The aim was to evaluate the obturation quality of teeth filled with different obturation techniques in the presence of apically separated instruments using micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Notched ProTaper F2 rotary-files were separated in the apical third of 36-human mandibular incisors with single root/canal and mature apex. Samples were filled by an endodontist according to one of the following obturation techniques (n = 12): cold lateral-compaction (CLC), single-cone (SC) and thermoplastic injection (TI). Samples were scanned by the Skyscan 1,274® μ-CT device after 1-week at 37 C in 100% humidity. Images of the sections were evaluated with CTan software in terms of total-volume and volume percentage of the filling materials and voids between coronal end of the separated instrument and gutta-percha/sealer filled void-free sections. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney-U tests with a significance level of 5%. Kruskal-Wallis revealed differences among groups (p < 0.05).Pairwise comparisons revealed that less volume of voids were measured in SC (0.02 ± 0.03 mm 3 ) compared to CLC (0.15 ± 0.16 mm 3 ) and TI (0.18 ± 0.24 mm 3 ) (p < 0.05); while TI was statistically similar with CLC (p > 0.05). Percentages of volumes of voids and filling materials were as follows for
Does The Vehicle Type Affect the Persistence of Calcium Hydroxide When Removing with Sonic Activation?Background: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the persistence of calcium hydroxide (CH) associated with different vehicles on the artificial cavities after removing with sonic activation or conventional needle irrigation (CNI).Methods: Seventy-two extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented with ProTaper Universal rotary system up to F4. The roots were split longitudinally, and standardized cavities were prepared. The roots were assigned into 3 groups (n=24), according to vehicles used; distilled water, glycerin, and propylene glycol. In each group, cavities were filled with CH mixed with the respective vehicle. After reassembly, the removal of CH dressing was performed with either sonic activation (EDDY) or CNI (n=12). The remnants of CH were assessed under a microscope at ×40 magnification. A four-grade scoring system was used to evaluate. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare the data.Results: There was a significant difference among groups (p=0.000). Complete removal of CH was found in the distilled water and propylene glycol groups when EDDY was used. EDDY was significantly more effective than CNI in the removal of CH mixed with distilled water and propylene glycol p=0.001 and p=0,002, respectively. Whereas no significant difference was found between EDDY and CNI in the glycerin group (p=0.219). The lowest CH remnants were found in the distilled water group when CNI was used. Conclusion:The vehicle associated with CH and irrigation activation is important for its retrieval. EDDY provided the complete removal of CH when mixed with distilled water or propylene glycol.
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