Background/aim: We aimed to show the role of determination of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by bedside ultrasonography in an emergency department in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders and its correlation with the clinical picture. Materials and methods:This prospective cross-sectional study included 55 patients with cerebrovascular disorders and 53 controls. Age, sex, ONSD, comorbid disease status, and multidetector computed tomography results of all subjects and application periods and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of the patient group were evaluated. Results:The ONSD of the patient and control groups was determined as a median of 5.7 mm and 3.6 mm, respectively. The ONSD of the patient group was determined to be significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). A positive relationship was determined between NIHSS scores and ONSD values (P < 0.05). The specificity and sensitivity values were determined as 98.1% and 81.8%, respectively, for a cutoff value of 5 mm and as 100% and 72.7%, respectively, for a cutoff value of 6 mm. Conclusion:This study showed that bedside measurement of ONSD is an easy, cheap, and noninvasive method that can be used to support the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with acute stroke.

In this prospective study, the biomechanical properties of optic nerve head (ONH) and cornea in both eyes of patients with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and healthy control eyes were investigated. ONH elastometry was measured with real-time elastography, and corneal elastometry was measured with ocular response analyser. Elastometry of cornea and ONH was lower in both eyes of patients with unilateral non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy than in healthy control eyes. The role of these biomechanical differences in the pathogenesis of non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy should be investigated further.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide drops on anterior segment parameters in healthy individuals. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-eight eyes of 129 healthy volunteers were included in this randomized clinical study. Cyclopentolate 1% drop was applied to 75 (58%) participants (group 1) and tropicamide 0.5% drop was applied to 54 (42%) participants (group 2). Flat keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) distance, pupil diameter, total pupil offset and intraocular lens (IOL) power were measured before and after drops, using Lenstar 900 optical biometry. Results: The increase in CCT, ACD, pupil diameter, and pupil offset was significant in group 1 after the drop ( P < 0.05), while the increase in ACD, pupil diameter, and pupil offset was significant in group 2 ( P < 0.05). When the two groups were compared, there was no significant difference in K1, K2, CCT, ACD, WTW, pupil diameter, pupil offset, and IOL power (using Sanders–Retzlaff–Kraff T formula) changes after drops ( P > 0.05), whereas the change in AL was significant ( P = 0.01). Conclusion: The effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide drops on anterior segment parameters were similar; they did not make significant changes in K1, K2, AL, WTW, and third-generation IOL power calculation. However, ACD values significantly changed after these drops; thus, measuring anterior segment parameters before mydriatic agents should be taken into account particularly for fourth-generation IOL formulas and phakic IOL implantation. The change in pupil offset, which can be important in excimer laser and multifocal IOL applications, was not clinically significant.

Aim: To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients who presented with an ophthalmic emergency and required ophthalmic surgical intervention. Materials and Methods:Patients who presented at our ophthalmology department with surgical ocular traumatic injuries from 2017 to 2018 were retrospectively examined. Information about demographic characteristics, details of the injury, diagnoses, examinations, and surgical procedures was obtained. The time between the occurrence of eye injury and presenting to the hospital and time of surgery were also recorded.Results: Thirty-eight eyes of 35 patients [74% males and 26% females (mean age: 31±19)] were included. Three cases were bilateral. The main causes of ocular surgical injuries were traffic accidents (15 eyes; 39%), work accidents (11 eyes; 29%), assault (five eyes; 13%), and other causes (seven eyes; 18%). The most frequent was eye penetrating injury (58%). Most of the operations (33 eyes; 87%) were performed on the first day of the injury, while the rest were performed between the first and tenth days. Twenty-eight eyes (74%) underwent a single operation, while additional surgical procedures were necessary in 10 eyes (26%). Twenty patients (57%) were admitted to the ophthalmology service. There was an improvement in the visual acuity in 19 eyes (50%), no change in 12 eyes (32%), and worsening in seven eyes (18%). Conclusion:Surgery-requiring ophthalmologic injuries involve mainly males at younger ages, and traffic accidents are the most common cause of trauma. In 50% of these patients, an increase in the visual acuity was observed after surgery, so performing a correct surgery as early as possible can prevent visual impairment and blindness.

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