Approximately 5-10% of all colorectal carcinomas arise from cancer predisposition syndromes caused by heterozygote germline mutations in post-replicative DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. In contrast to gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes, carcinomas in these patients do not occur on the background of increased numbers of polyps and hence are refered to as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC). Six different MMR genes, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, MLH1, MLH3 and PMS2, have been identified in the human genome. In the majority of HNPCC patients, heterozygote germline mutations are present in the MSH2 or MLH1 gene. Detection of mutations by conventional sequencing technology is expensive and labor intensive due to the complex intron and/or exon structures. In this study, we therefore have explored whether capillary electrophoresis-based single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP-CE) provides a reliable means for mutation screening. We have tested different MLH1 mutations in exons 9 and 16 and find that SSCP-CE produces reliable electrophoretic patterns that allow recognition of wild-type alleles, microdeletions and point mutations. In summary, SSCP-CE provides a rapid, automated, and cost-effective technology for MSH2 and MLH1 mutation screening and will facilitate genetic diagnostics for HNPCC patients.

Background: Various microorganisms which increase the mortality rate in the intensive care unit (ICU) cause microbial colonization of the nasogastric tube (NGT) and use the NGT as a reservoir.Aim: To detect the colonization on the NGT and to determine the effect that training regarding hand hygiene, NGT management, and enteral feeding (EF) provided to ICU nurses and auxiliary service staff (ASS) has on the level of NGT colonization.Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control design was used in this study. Microbial samples were taken from the outer and inner parts of NGT. The microorganisms were categorized as: group 1, no risk; group 2, low risk pathogenic; group 3, high-risk pathogenic group. The training was given to nurses (n = 15) and ASS (n = 7). Hand hygiene, NGT, and EF care training are provided to nurses and ASS by researchers. A total of three training sessions were scheduled to be held in 3 weeks so that all health care staff members were trained. Each session lasted 2 h in total. Patients were assigned to a group if one of the microorganisms presented on the outer surface of the patient's feeding tube and/or on the hub. The hand hygiene

Bu araştırmanın amacı bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin hemşirelik tanılarını algılama durumlarının ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı türde olan bu araştırma 20 Mayıs-15 Haziran 2019 tarihleri arası ülkenin doğusunda bulunan bir üniversite hastanesinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, ilgili hastanede belirtilen tarihler arasında görev yapan 755 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 312 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında "Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu" ve "Hemşirelik Tanılarını Algılama Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin yaş ortalamasının 26.95±6.66 olduğu, %83.3'ünün kadın, %62.5' inin bekâr, %38.5'inin sağlık meslek lisesi mezunu olduğu ve %85.3'ünün klinik hemşiresi olduğu saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin Hemşirelik Tanılarını Algılama Ölçeği puan ortalamasının 2.47±0.48 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin medeni durumuna, eğitim düzeylerine, bakım verirken hemşirelik sürecini kullanma ve kullanılması gerektiğini düşünme durumlarına ve hemşirelik tanılaması yapma durumlarına göre Hemşirelik Tanılarını Algılama Ölçeği alt boyut ve toplam puan ortalamaları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05) Sonuç: Hemşirelerin hemşirelik tanılarını algılama durumlarının orta düzeyde olumsuz olduğu, lisans mezunu olan, bakım verirken hemşirelik sürecini kullanan ve kullanılması gerektiğini düşünen, hemşirelik tanılaması yapan hemşirelerin, hemşirelik tanılarına ilişkin algılarının diğer hemşirelerden anlamlı derecede daha yüksek ve olumlu olduğu saptanmıştır.

Background Thirst is a sensation associated with a dry mouth and the desire or craving to drink water. Surgical patients are among those hospitalized individuals who are at high risk of developing both osmotic and hypovolemic thirst. Objectives To develop a new measurement tool for evaluating the thirst-related discomfort of surgical patients and to assess its validity and reliability. Methods The study population consisted of patients admitted to the surgical clinics of a research hospital in Turkey between January and March 2022. The new measurement tool was developed in several stages: a pilot implementation phase with 51 patients and the main implementation phase with 198 patients. Data were collected by means of face-to-face interviews with patients. Exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 22, and IBM SPSS Amos. Results The final Thirst Discomfort Scale consisted of 12 items in 3 subdimensions. The Cronbach α values of the scale subdimensions ranged from 0.787 to 0.848, and the Cronbach α value for the scale as a whole was 0.886. The scale explained 66.237% of the total variance of the data. Conclusion The Thirst Discomfort Scale consisting of 12 items and 3 subdimensions is a valid and reliable measurement tool for evaluating thirst-related discomfort of surgical patients.

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