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Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection agent worldwide and, with high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes, is the main factor for development of cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV and distribution of HR-HPV genotypes in cervical swab samples and compare them with demographic and clinical data. Methodology: Cervical swab samples of 2,285 women between the age of 17 and 76 were assessed between January 2018 and October 2020 in order to obtain the data of Turkey. Fifteen different HR-HPV genotypes were determined using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction test. Results: HPV was positive in 36.3% (829/2,285) of DNA samples. Prevalence of multiple HR-HPV infection was 40.7%. Of the women, 30.9% (256/829) were infected with HPV16, 14.6% (121/829) with HPV39, and 14.2% (118/829) with HPV51. The most frequently detected genotypes with HPV16 were HPV31, HPV39 and HPV52, respectively. In women with cervical dysplasia, HPV16, 31, and 39 were the most common, and in women with genital warts, HPV16, 59 and 66 were most common, respectively. The highest HR-HPV prevalence was detected in the 17-34 age group (44.1%) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of HR-HPV was 36.3% in this study. High prevalence (44.1%) especially in young women was consistent with findings in literature. The most common HR-HPV genotypes were HPV16, 39 and 51, respectively. Determining the prevalence and genotypes of HR-HPV playing role in the etiology of cervical cancer will be guiding for measures on prevention of cervical cancer and research on preventive vaccines.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a rapid antigen test developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), influenza A virus (IAV), and influenza B virus (IBV) (flu) compared with those of the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) method. One hundred SARS-CoV-2, one hundred IAV, and twenty-four IBV patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by clinical and laboratory methods were included in the patient group. Seventy-six patients, who were negative for all respiratory tract viruses, were included as the control group. The Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel test kit was used in the assays. The sensitivity values of the kit were 97.5%, 97.9%, and 33.33% for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV, respectively, in samples with a viral load below 20 Ct values. The sensitivity values of the kit were 16.7%, 36.5%, and 11.11% for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV, respectively, in samples with a viral load above 20 Ct. The kit’s specificity was 100%. In conclusion, this kit demonstrated high sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 and IAV for viral loads below 20 Ct values, but the sensitivity values were not compatible with PCR positivity for lower viral loads over 20 Ct values. Rapid antigen tests may be preferred as a routine screening tool in communal environments, especially in symptomatic individuals, when diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV with high caution.

Amaç: Dünya genelinde hepatit delta virüsünün (HDV) yaygınlığı coğrafi farklılıklar göstermektedir. Her ne kadar Türkiye'de hepatit B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg) pozitif olan hastalarda anti-HDV seroprevalans oranları konusunda birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen, bu hasta popülasyonunda HDV-RNA prevalansı ile ilgili çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada HBsAg pozitif olan hastalarda anti-HDV antikorları ve HDV-RNA sıklığının saptanması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışma, Nisan 2015 ve Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında HBsAg-pozitif hastalarda anti-HDV testi çalışılan 2089 hastayı kapsadı. HBsAg-pozitif hastalardan alınan serum örneklerinde anti-HDV testi, enzim bağlı immünosorbent metod kullanılarak yapıldı. Anti-HDV-pozitif hastalarda, HDV-RNA, gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile serum örneklerinde analiz edildi. Bulgular: Anti-HDV seroprevalansı %4,1 (85/2089) iken HDV-RNA oranı %2,4 (51/2089) idi. HDV-RNA, anti-HDV pozitif olan hastaların %60'ında (51/85) tespit edildi. Anti-HDV ve HDV-RNA sıklığı 50-59 yaş grubunda en yüksekti. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada HDV sıklığı bölgesel verilerle tutarlı bulundu. HDV viremisi, anti-HDV pozitif olan hastaların sadece %60'ında (51/85) tespit edildi. Anti-HDV antikorları iyileşmeden sonra da pozitif kalabileceğinden dolayı, HDV'nin gerçek prevalansını belirlemek için HDV-RNA'nın araştırılması önemlidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hepatit delta virüs, anti-HDV, HDV-RNA, HBV Objectives: The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) worldwide shows geographical differences. Although there are several studies on anti-HDV seroprevalence rates in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients in Turkey, studies on HDV-RNA prevalence in this patient population are limited. It was aimed to detect the frequency of anti-HDV antibodies and HDV-RNA in HBsAg-positive patients in this study. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 2089 HBsAg-positive patients in whom anti-HDV was analyzed between April 2015 and March 2017. Anti-HDV test was performed in serum samples obtained from HBsAg-positive patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In anti-HDV-positive patients, HDV-RNA was analyzed in serum samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-HDV was 4.1% (85/2089), while the rate of HDV-RNA positivity was 2.4% (51/2089). HDV-RNA was detected in 60% (51/85) of anti-HDV-positive patients. The frequency of anti-HDV and HDV-RNA was highest in the 50-59 age group. Conclusion: The frequency of HDV in this study was found to be consistent with regional data. HDV viremia was detected in only 60% (51/85) of the anti-HDV-positive patients. Since anti-HDV antibodies may remain after recovery, it is important to investigate HDV-RNA to determine the true prevalence of HDV.

ÖZHastanede yatan hastalarda morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek enfeksiyonlara yol açan Acinetobacter baumannii, önemli bir nozokomiyal patojendir. Birçok antibiyotik sınıfına, özellikle de karbapenemlere direnç geliştirmesi nedeniyle A.baumannii ciddi bir klinik problem haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çok ilaca dirençli (ÇİD) A.baumannii suşlarında karbapenem direncinden sorumlu oksasilinaz genlerinin araştırılması ve bu suşlar arasındaki klonal ilişkinin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmaya, Şubat-Mart 2012 tarihleri arasında hastanemizin yoğun bakım üniteleri (n= 42) ve diğer servislerinde (n= 20) yatan hastalara ait çeşitli klinik örneklerden (24 trakeal aspirat, 14 yara, 10 kan, 7 idrar, 2 apse, 2 balgam, 2 kateter ucu, 1 plevral sıvı) izole edilen toplam 62 ÇİD A.baumannii suşu dahil edilmiştir. İzolatlarının tanımlanma-sı ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının tespiti Vitek-2 otomatize sistemi (bioMérieux, Fransa) ile yapılmış; bakteri tanımlamasının doğrulanması için Maldi Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics, Almanya) sistemi kullanılmıştır. İmipenem, meropenem, kolistin ve tigesiklin duyarlılığı ek olarak E-test (bioMérieux, Fransa) ile değerlen-dirilmiştir. Karbapenemaz üretiminden sorumlu OXA tipi genlerin (bla OXA-23-like , bla OXA-40-like , bla OXA-51-like , Geliş Tarihi

Objectives This study aims to improve the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. It presents the results of a novel study in which CMV blood viral load (BVL), tissue viral load (TVL) determined by PCR and hematoxylin-eosin (HE)/immunohistochemistry (IHC) results of GI biopsies are examined comparatively. Methods CMV DNA was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR in blood and GI biopsy specimens of 76 patients suspected of CMV disease. Biopsies were also performed HE/IHC stainings in the pathology laboratory. Results This study included 76 patients whose median age was 34.5 years and 58% (44) were male. Tissue CMV PCR positivity was detected in the highest colon (40/53;75.5%) samples. HE, IHC, blood and tissue CMV PCR positivity rates of all samples were 15.8, 25, 50 and 71.1%, respectively. When IHC was used as the gold standard test for ROC analysis, the optimal cutoff values for the maximum sensitivity and specificity for BVL and TVL were 1.91 log10 copies/ml and 3.82 log10 copies/mg, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for the cutoff value of tissue CMV DNA were 78.9 and 74.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, CMV DNA was detected in 71.1% of the tissue samples of the cases by PCR. Since the sensitivity of the histopathological examinations accepted as the gold standard is low, simultaneous with the histopathological examinations, determination of BVL, TVL and the identification of optimal cutoff values have been shown to support the diagnosis of GI CMV disease.

Introduction: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a linear single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of HBoV and co-infections in pediatric patients with symptoms of viral respiratory tract infection. Methodology: This study included 2,310 patients between the ages of 0-18 in whom HBoV and other respiratory tract viral pathogens were analyzed in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Results: In the pediatric age group, HBoV was found in 4.5% (105/2310) of the patients and higher in children between the ages of 1 and 5. Mixed infection was detected in 43.8% (46/105) of HBoV positive patients (p = 0.10). Mono and mixed infection rates were higher in outpatients than in inpatients (p < 0.05). Respiratory syncytial virus was significantly higher than the other respiratory viral pathogens (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study is important as it is one of the rare studies performed on the incidence of HBoV in the Marmara region. In pediatric age group, the incidence of HBoV was found 4.5%. The incidence rate of HBoV in this study was similar to those in studies around the world, but close to low rates. The incidence of HBoV was found higher especially among children between the ages of 1-5 in this study. In addition to the incidence of HBoV, accompanying co-infections in the pediatric age group were also investigated in this study. Since concurrence of RSV, HRV and hMPV with HBoV was the most common it must be considered that there may be more than one agents in patients with symptoms of respiratory tract infection.