The effects of two levels of bleeding (15 and 30%) on physiological responses were evaluated in adult goats. The magnitude of haemorrhage was expressed as percentage of initial total blood volume after plasma volume determination by dye dilution. The groups subjected to haemorrhage had higher rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate compared to the control; the responses were more marked with the higher level of bleeding. The treated groups had lower Packed Cell Volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) compared to the control; they were significantly lower with high level of bleeding compared to the control. The ratio of lymphocytes decreased, whereas the neutrophil ratio increased in treated groups compared to the control. The treated groups had lower serum total protein and albumin concentrations compared to the control. The plasma glucose level was higher in treated groups compared to the control and it increased with the increase of bleeding level. The treated groups had lower serum Na, Ca and Mg concentrations compared to the control. The levels of these minerals decreased with increase of bleeding level. The 15% bleeding group returned to normal values within 2 weeks, whereas the 30% bleeding group recovered within 5 weeks.
Background and Objectives: Acute haemorrhage is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in surgery and trauma due to ischaemic lesions followed by multiple organ dysfunction. After haemorrhage, compensatory redistribution of blood volume may occur to more vital and survival organs. The objective of the study was evaluation of thermoregulation and haematological responses to acute haemorrhage in Nubian goats. Materials and Methods: The study used 6 female mature goats, weighing 18.0 kg on average. The goats were subjected to 40% bleeding. The rectal temperature (Tr), respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were monitored before bleeding and then immediately after bleeding and at 1,2,3,4,5,6,24 hrs post-bleeding. Venous blood samples were collected before and then immediately after bleeding and at 6, 24, 48, 72 hrs post-bleeding. The haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count(TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), serum total protein, albumin, and concentrations of sodium (Na) were determined. Results: The post-bleeding values of Tr, RR and HR were significantly higher compared to the pre-bleeding values. The post-bleeding values of PCV, Hb concentration, erythrocyte count and TLC were lower compared to prebleeding values. The ratios of lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils decreased, whereas the neutrophil ratio increased post-bleeding. The values of serum total protein, albumin and serum Na concentrations decreased post-bleeding. Conclusion: The studies indicate that the goat can be adopted as a valid research model in investigations of experimental haemorrhage. The findings have implications in the fields of veterinary haematology and surgery and comparative medicine.
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