Epiphytes are hyper‐diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non‐vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer‐reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non‐vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non‐vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.
Considerando a importância ecológica das epífitas vasculares e a escassez de estudos em áreas verdes urbanas, objetivou-se avaliar a flora epífita através do estudo da composição florística e sua estratificação vertical na praça Barão de Ayuruoca, no município de Mar de Espanha, Minas Gerais. Os parâmetros calculados foram frequências relativa e absoluta, índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) e uniformidade de Pielou (J). Foram registradas 49 espécies distribuídas em 17 famílias nas 229 árvores amostradas. As famílias mais ricas encontradas foram Bromeliaceae (nove espécies), representando 52% das ocorrências e Polypodiaceae (sete espécies) e 33% das ocorrências. As espécies mais frequentes foram Tillandsia recurvata e T. tricholepis (Bromeliaceae) encontradas em 186 e 182 forófitos, respectivamente e Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia (Polypodiaceae) em 144. A maioria das espécies se enquadrou na categoria epífita acidental (18 espécies) e a maioria das ocorrências foi na copa das árvores. Desse modo, os resultados reforçam a capacidade de algumas espécies de Bromeliaceae e Polypodiaceae ocorrerem em ambiente com intervenção humana, além da provável interferência da perturbação antrópica nas categorias ecológicas (onde se destacam as espécies acidentais) e estratificação (com maior ocorrência na copa das árvores).
RESUMOConsiderando a importância ecológica das epífitas vasculares e a escassez de estudos em áreas verdes urbanas, objetivou-se avaliar a flora epífita através do estudo da composição florística e sua estratificação vertical na praça Barão de Ayuruoca, no município de Mar de Espanha, Minas Gerais. Os parâmetros calculados foram frequências relativa e absoluta, índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') e uniformidade de Pielou (J). Foram registradas 49 espécies distribuídas em 17 famílias nas 229 árvores amostradas. As famílias mais ricas encontradas foram Bromeliaceae (nove espécies), representando 52% das ocorrências e Polypodiaceae (sete espécies) e 33% das ocorrências. As espécies mais frequentes foram Tillandsia recurvata e T. tricholepis (Bromeliaceae) encontradas em 186 e 182 forófitos, respectivamente e Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia (Polypodiaceae) em 144. A maioria das espécies se enquadrou na categoria epífita acidental (18 espécies) e a maioria das ocorrências foi na copa das árvores. Desse modo, os resultados reforçam a capacidade de algumas espécies de Bromeliaceae e Polypodiaceae ocorrerem em ambiente com intervenção humana, além da provável interferência da perturbação antrópica nas categorias ecológicas (onde se destacam as espécies acidentais) e estratificação (com maior ocorrência na copa das árvores). ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to evaluate the epiphytic flora of an urban green area, taking into account its ecological importance and the scarcity of studies of the group in the urban environment. We evaluated the floristic composition and vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes in trees of the square Barão de Ayuruoca, in the municipality of Mar de Espanha, Minas Gerais. The calculated parameters were relative and absolute frequencies, Shannon diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness (J). We found 49 species distributed in 17 families in the 229 sampled trees. The richest families found were Bromeliaceae (nine species) and 52% occurrences and Polypodiaceae (seven species) and 33% occurrences. The most frequent species were Tillandsia recurvata and T. tricholepis, respectively found in 186 and 182 phorophytes, and Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia (Polypodiaceae) in 144. Most of species were classified as accidental holoepiphyte (18 species) and the majority of occurrences was in the crown of the trees. Thus, the results of this work reinforce the ability of species of Bromeliaceae and Polypodiaceae to occur in an environment with anthropic intervention, besides the probable interference of anthropic disturbance in the ecological categories, where the accidental species stand out.
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