In dogs and cats an assessment of renal function is often needed, however, existing methods including urine and plasma clearances are invasive, cumbersome and time consuming. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a transcutaneous glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement in dogs and cats. Additionally the optimal dose and location for the transcutaneous measurement device were investigated. Renal elimination of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled sinistrin (FITC-S) was measured transcutaneously for 4 hours. The procedures were performed in awake, freely moving animals using escalating doses of FITC-S (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) with a wash-out period of at least 24 h in between. Multiple devices were placed on each animal. The resulting FITC-S disappearance curves were visually assessed to determine the most suitable location and the appropriate dose to reach an adequate transcutaneous peak signal for kinetic analysis. In both species 30 mg/kg were adequate for kinetic calculation. The most suitable place for the device was the lateral thoracic wall in dogs and the ventral abdominal wall in cats, respectively. Transcutaneous FITC-S clearance was then repeated using the optimal dose and location and in parallel with an additional plasma sinistrin clearance. Plasma elimination half-lives [min] were 26, 31 and 35, and corresponding transcutaneous elimination half-lives [min] were 26, 34 and 55, respectively in the dogs. Plasma elimination half-lives [min] were 51, 60 and 61, and corresponding transcutaneous elimination half-lives [min] were 75, 96 and 83, respectively in the cats. In conclusion, transcutaneous FITC-S clearance is a feasible method for the assessment of GFR in awake dogs and cats. It is noninvasive, well tolerated and easy to perform even in a clinical setting with results being readily available. A dose of 30 mg/kg of FITC-S seems adequate for kinetic assessment. Further studies are now needed to establish reference values and evaluate transcutaneous renal clearance in various conditions.
Introduction: Dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex are the aetiological agent of sporotrichosis in humans and animals. Cats in particular have gained importance in transmission of the disease to humans. Therefore, it is crucial to identify unusual aetiological agents and the varying clinical appearances of the disease. Case presentation: We describe the case of a 10-year-old cat with a 2-month history of nasal discharge after a fight with another cat. Severe thrombocytopenia was diagnosed, whilst routine testing for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was negative. A computed tomography scan revealed profound destruction of several parts of the nasal cavity. Histological and cytological examination of biopsies taken from these locations showed a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation with several yeast-like structures. Mycological cultivation at 28 and 37 8C yielded fungal growth with smooth to wrinkled colonies consisting of hyphae and non-pigmented sympodial, round to oval-shaped conidia. Molecular typing, including sequence analysis of the ITS region, resulted in a consensus sequence which allowed classification of the fungus into the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Although the thrombocytopenia persisted, treatment with itraconazole dissolved any respiratory symptoms and improved the clinical status of the cat, indicating an antimycotic-responsive infection. Conclusion: Amelanotic members of the Sporothrix schenckii complex should be considered a putative aetiologic agent in the pathogenesis of feline sporotrichosis in Germany. Besides being classified in close proximity to species in the environmental clade this isolate has proven to cause serious infection implying a possible zoonotic potential.
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