We performed color Doppler sonographic examination on 4 patients, 3 of whom had preliminary diagnoses of penile fracture and 1 of whom had undergone an operation due to penile fracture a year previously. Color Doppler sonography helped evaluate the relationships between the hematoma and the vascular structures and aided in differential diagnosis of the vascular injuries that may accompany tunical rupture (or have similar clinical presentations) and Mondor's disease; thus, this method has a crucial role in choosing the treatment approach. Color Doppler sonography may also assist in the follow-up of patients after surgical or conservative treatment.

The injuries seen in the intrarenal arterial system during the PCNL procedure can result in pseudoaneurysms and/or AVFs and/or ACFs, and more than one artery can be harmed. Arterial complications of PCNL can be treated with endovascular coil embolization while preserving renal function at a maximum level.

Management of cryptogenic massive hemoptysis is difficult, and conservative treatment may be inadequate to stop the hemorrhage. Surgery is not a reasonable option because there is no underlying identifiable pathology. This study aimed to investigate the radiologic findings and bronchial artery embolization outcomes in cryptogenic hemoptysis, and to compare the results with non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. We evaluated 26 patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis and 152 patients with non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. A comparison of the bronchial artery abnormalities between the cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic hemoptysis groups showed that only extravasation was more statistically significant in the cryptogenic hemoptysis group than in the non-cryptogenic hemoptysis group, while the other bronchial artery abnormalities, such as bronchial artery dilatation, hypervascularity, and bronchial-to-pulmonary shunting, showed no significant difference between groups. Involvement of the non-bronchial systemic artery was significantly greater in the non-cryptogenic hemoptysis group than in the cryptogenic hemoptysis group. While 69.2% of patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis also had hypervascularity in the contralateral bronchial arteries and/or ipsilateral bronchial artery branches other than the bleeding lobar branches, this finding was not detected in non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. Embolization was performed on all patients using polyvinyl alcohol particles of 355-500 µm. Hemoptysis ceased in all patients immediately after embolization. While recurrence of hemoptysis showed no statistically significant difference between the cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic hemoptysis groups, it was mild in cryptogenic hemoptysis in contrast to mostly severe in non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. Transarterial embolization is a safe and effective technique to manage cryptogenic hemoptysis.

The most undesired complication of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is bleeding. Because of tumor rupture, the bleeding can spread to the retroperitoneal field and can be severe enough to be life threatening. We report a case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage caused by a ruptured AML that was successfully treated with transarterial embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate.

We report a case of reflex anuria after transarterial embolization of a renal tumor. Anuria developed immediately after embolization and resolved 74 hr following the procedure. We postulate that reflux anuria in our case was related to mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, or both, as these are stimulated by the occluded blood vessels, ischemia, and edema of the normal renal tissue of an embolized kidney.

Neuron loss that occurs in some neurodegenerative diseases can lead to volume alterations by causing atrophy in the brain stem. The aim of this study was to determine the brain stem volume and the volume ratio of the brain stem to total brain volume related to gender and age using new Stereo Investigator system in normal subjects. For this purpose, MR images of 72 individuals who have no pathologic condition were evaluated. The total brain volumes of female and male were calculated as 966.81 ± 77.44 and 1,074.06 ± 111.75 cm3, respectively. Brain stem volumes of female and male were determined as 18.99 ± 2.36 and 22.05 ± 4.01 cm3, respectively. The ratios of brain stem volume to total brain volume were 1.96 ± 0.17 in female and 2.05 ± 0.29 in male. The total brain and brain stem volumes were observed smaller in female and it is statistically significant. Among the individuals whose ages are between 20 and 40, total brain and brain stem volume measurements with aging were not statistically significant. As a result, we believe that the measurement of brain stem volume with an objective and efficient calculation method will contribute to the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to determine the rate of disease progression, and the outcomes of treatment.

No abstract

AR is associated with signs generally considered to represent atherosclerosis, such as increased CCA and BA IMT, CCA diameter, and CCA and ICA RI.