A sound understanding of the development of the odontoid process, both in normal and in variant forms, as well as its phenotypical morphology is a prerequisite for the diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with disorders affecting the cranio-cervical spine.
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between bronchiolitis and future development of asthma in children younger than 2 years.
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of 1991 patients younger than 2 years presenting to the emergency department from January 2000 to December 2010 who received a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis. Their demographic information, the number of bronchiolitis episodes, and family history of asthma were recorded. The primary care clinic records of these children were reviewed for a period of 1 year following their presentation to the emergency department to determine if they had received a diagnosis of asthma. A stepwise logistic regression was performed to determine what factors were associated with future asthma development.
Results
We reviewed the medical record of 1991 children with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis for subsequent development of asthma. The following variables were identified as predictors of subsequent asthma: male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.55), family history of asthma (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.33–1.95), atopy (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.12–1.83), age older than 5 months (OR, 1.4 95% CI, 1.13–1.66), more than 2 episodes of bronchiolitis (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.79–3.07), and allergies (OR1.6; 95% CI, 1.14–2.14).
Conclusions
In this limited sample, the predictor variables for asthma were male sex, age older than 5 months, more than 2 episodes of bronchiolitis, a history of atopy, and allergies.
This paper provides a brief depiction of the life and achievements of the most iconic experiments of Heinrich Ewald Hering. The authors herein have presented a translation of his paper on the carotid sinus nerve in English; the original paper by Heinrich Ewald Hering, titled “Ueber die Wand des Sinus caroticus als Reizempfänger und den Sinusnerv als zentripetale Bahn für die Sinusreflexe” (1924), provides a detailed account of his experimental process and findings. He recognized that the sinus reflexes are mediated by a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
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