This study aims to compare the effect of enzyme‐resistant starch flour (ERSF) and standard wheat flour (SWF) bagels given as a mid‐afternoon snack on blood glucose (BG) levels in patients with insulin‐dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). First, bagels containing 15 g of carbohydrates are prepared using ERSF or SWF. Then, the effect of bagels prepared using SWF or ERSF on BG levels is examined through clinical research. A continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) device is placed and then, the patients are given three packages of bagels that are visually similar and are asked to consume the red package (SWF bagel) on the first day and blue packages (ERSF bagels) on the second and third days as a mid‐afternoon snack, without consuming anything else. The increase in BG from ERSF is less than that caused by SWF bagel consumption, and SWF is found to have higher BG averages than ERSF (ERSF: 150 mg dL−1, SWF: 170 mg dL−1). Patients stated that they like the taste and do not feel any discomfort while consuming ERSF bagels. ERSF bagels have higher fiber content and cause more even fluctuations in BG levels than SWF bagels. Food fortification using ERSF foods can be recommended for patients with T2DM.
Results: In the analyses wherein baseline weight was carried forward for missing data, the IBT produced significantly larger mean weight loss in comparison to the EE at the end of the 8 weeks [2.28 kg (2.11) vs. 0.74 kg (1.57), p=0.001]. The participants in the IBT group, when compared to the EE group, were also more likely to achieve a clinically significant weight loss of 5% of their initial body weight at the end of the 8-week study period (17.6% vs. 2%, p=0.016). Conclusion: The participants who received a structured IBT intervention lost significantly more weight after two months, compared to those who received weekly informational emails regarding weight loss. Internet-based behavioral therapy programs may have the potential to serve as a low-cost alternative for obese patients.
Objectives: Obesity is a serious public health issue. Investigating the eating behavior of individuals plays an important role in preventing obesity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to adapt the long and first version of the ‘Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire’ (TFEQ), a scale that examines the eating behavior of individuals, to Turkish culture and to carry out its validity and reliability study. Design: The data were collected using data collection forms, and anthropometric measurements of the individuals were made by the researchers. The data collection form included several parameters: sociodemographic characteristics, the TFEQ scale -whose validity and reliability analysis is conducted here-, and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) which was used as a parallel form. Setting: The Obesity Clinic at Ege University in Izmir. Participants: The study group consisted of obese adult individuals (n=257). Results: It was seen that constructing the questionnaire with 27 items and four sub-dimensions provides better information about Turkish obese individuals. Factor loadings ranged from 0.421 to 0.846, and item total score correlations ranged from 0.214 to 0.558. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.639 for the whole scale. A positive, strong, and statistically significant correlation was detected between TFEQ and DEBQ, which was used as a parallel form (r = 0.519, p <0.001). Conclusion: In Turkey, the long version of the TFEQ scale was found valid and reliable for obese adult individuals. TFEQ can be used by clinicians or researchers to study the eating behavior of obese individuals.
FGF-21 levels were increased significantly in acromegaly group. Increased FGF-21 levels were significantly and independently associated with the state of acromegaly. Acromegaly may also be a FGF-21 resistance state independent from insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Background Obesity is a growing health problem which affects people from all age groups all over the world. Obese people do not feel motivated enough to change their lifestyle behaviors. Mobile applications can be used to motivate people.Objective To evaluate effect of nutrition education supported by MOtiVE mobile application on weight loss and quality of life (QoL).Methods In this randomized-controlled study, 79 overweight/obese adult patients who presented to University Hospital Outpatient Clinic between March-September 2018 to consult a dietitian were included. All the participants were provided a weight-loss diet program by the dietitian. Then, participants were randomized to experimental and control groups. During the first interview, all participants completed the questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were done. BMI, the scores obtained from different Quality of Life scales and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) were the dependent variables. The participants in the experimental group were provided with daily messages for 3 months via MOtiVE mobile application designed solely for this study. All the participants were asked to present three months later for a follow-up appointment. Using SPSS 25.0, change in BMI, QoL scores and other variables within both groups was assessed via Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar chi-square test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Although 39 cases and 40 controls took the first test, 20 cases and 18 controls participants completed the study. The mean BMI decreased significantly in both groups being more predominant in cases as from 33.8 ± 6.0 kg/m2 to 32.8 ± 5.8 kg/m2(p = 0.001) in cases and from 33.3 ± 5.0 kg/m2 to 32.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2 (p = 0.006) in controls. Moreover, waist circumference decreased (p = 0.029), self-esteem (p = 0.035) and healthy eating scores (p = 0.007) increased only in cases significantly.Conclusions Nutrition education supported by MOtiVE mobile application improved anthropometric measurements, self-esteem, quality of life and healthy eating habits of the overweight/obese participants. Free mobile applications can be used in increasing motivation to adopt new behaviors in order to tackle obesity.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04026971
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