There is no routinely determined treatment for olfactory dysfunction because of COVID-19. Saline irrigation and nasal corticosteroid treatments are safe and inexpensive methods, and have low side effects. In our study, we argue that saline nasal irrigation and topical corticosteroid treatment can be used in the treatment of patients with olfactory loss in all areas of rhinology. A total of 150 patients who admitted to our clinic with other symptoms or with only acute odor loss, diagnosed with COVID-19 with RT-PCR were divided into 3 equal groups.Fifty patients in Group 1 were not given any extra treatments. The other 50 patients in Group 2 were given saline irrigation for treatment; and the 50 people in Group 3 were given both saline irrigation and nasal steroid spray for treatment. The ''Subjective Olfactory Capability (SOC)'' was used for olfactory function evaluation of patients. Self-Rating Olfactory Score (SROS), and Olfactory Dysfunction Duration (ODD) were recorded on the 1st, 15th and 30th days. SROS of the group receiving Nasal Saline ? Triamcinolone Acetonide treatment on the 30th day was significantly higher than in other groups (p 21-3 = 0.018, p 223 = 0.033). Also, the ODD was significantly reduced in this group compared to other groups (p 21-3 = 0.022, p 223 = 0.028,). Topical triamcinolone treatment was found to be successful in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction due to COVID-19. Nasal steroids, which are both inexpensive and have low side effect profiles, can be used safely in the treatment of patients with olfactory losses.
Objectives: Besides the common symptoms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including fever, shortness of breath, and cough, a “sudden loss of smell” has recently been added as a diagnostic symptom. The relationship between paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) and sudden loss of smell in COVID-19 was examined. Materials and Methods: Two groups were selected for the study, the COVID-19 and the control groups. The control group consisted of 40 patients who applied to our clinic with headache and therefore underwent PNS CT. The other group consisted of 40 patients with COVID-19 who were diagnosed with sudden loss of smell with the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory test. Clinical and demographic characteristics, tomography results, and olfactory test scores of patients with COVID-19 loss of smell and control group patients were recorded. The relationship between CT changes in the olfactory cleft and the degree of loss of smell was evaluated. The “Opacification in the olfactory cleft” was accepted as a positive CT finding. Results: Comparison of patients with COVID-19 who had a loss of smell and the control group indicated that a significant difference was observed in terms of CT findings ( P = .022). When we evaluated the paranasal CTs obtained from our patients with loss of smell, the CT of 13 patients showed pathological findings ( P < .05). As the COVID-19 progressed (pneumonia and respiratory failure), the degree of loss of smell increased ( P < .05). A statistically significant relationship was found between the CCCRC score and the presence of PNS CT findings ( P = .0012). Conclusion: The PNS CT findings are significant in patients with COVID-19 with a loss of smell and were significantly associated with the degree of loss of smell. In patients with olfactory loss due to COVID-19, PNS CT can help in diagnosis. However, for this imaging to be diagnostic, a larger patient series is needed.
OBJECTIVE:Nonylphenol is a neurotoxic substance widely present in the environment. Although its neurotoxic effects are well-known, to our knowledge, the ototoxic effects of nonylphenol on hearing have not been published in the literature yet. We aimed to investigate the effect of nonylphenol on hearing function in rats. MATERIALS and METHODS:Fifty rats were randomly divided into five Groups each containing 10 animals. Group 1 was a control Group and Group 2 was a solvent control containing ethanol alone, whereas Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treatment Groups exposed to the different concentrations of nonylphenol dissolved in ethanol for six-weeks. Distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements were evaluated at the end of exposure. RESULTS:In the distortion product otoacoustic emission measurement, signal-to-noise ratio values did not show any statistically significant differences between the control and ethanol Groups (p>0.05). But, we found significant differences between signal-to-noise ratio values of control and nonylphenol Groups at 4000 and 6000 Hz frequencies (p<0.05). Also, we found statistically significant difference between signal-to-noise ratio values of ethanol and nonylphenol Groups at 4000 and 6000 Hz frequencies (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference for signal-tonoise ratio values among nonylphenol Groups (Groups 3-5) (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Our study showed that nonylphenol has negative effects on hearing function in rats but the effects do not seem to be dose-dependent. Further studies are needed to find whether nonylphenol has an effect on hearing loss in rats as well as hearing in human beings.
Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine the post-treatment levels of total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), that are increased due to pathophysiology, and to compare those with pre-treatment levels in allergic rhinitis patients. Material-Methods: Among 84 patients clinically diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, 31 patients were started only on nasal steroid treatment (mometasone furoate), and 53 patients were started on nasal steroid and oral antihistamine treatment (mometasone furoate + rupatadine fumarate 10 mg). Blood samples were taken from the patients at the first examination and at post-treatment month 1.TAS and TOS were measured from the blood samples. Results While no significant change was determined in mean TAS levels with treatment, a statistically significant decrease was determined in TOS values in post-treatment period (P < .01). There was no significant change in TAS and TOS values of patients only using nasal steroids, while a significant decrease was determined in post-treatment TOS values of patients using both nasal steroids and oral antihistamines (P < .001). It was determined that TOS values of women were significantly lower compared to men, and it was also reduced in seasonal allergic rhinitis compared to perennial allergic rhinitis (P < .05 for both). Conclusion In allergic rhinitis patients, concomitant use of nasal steroids and antihistamines significantly decreases total oxidative stress. It may be stated that the addition of antihistamines to allergic rhinitis treatment positively affects treatment.
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