Objective: Gallbladder polyps (GBP) are the lesions that are originated from the mucosa of the gallbladder and reach out to the lumen. The biological behaviours of GBP have still been uncertain, their follow-ups and treatments are controversial as they carry the risk of malignancy. Our aim is to present the results of patients who have been operated on with the diagnosis of GBP in this study. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Giresun University. Patients who underwent surgery for GBP were included between January 2015 and December 2019. The age, gender, symptoms, ultrasonography findings (numbers polyps, types and presence of polyp and stone), surgery method (open and laparoscopic), and histopathological examination results were analysed. Results: A total of 1486 cholecystectomies, including 1388 laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 98 open cholecystectomies, were performed. One-hundred thirty-two (8.8%) of these patients were operated with the diagnosis of the GBP. One-hundred thirty of them were operated with the laparoscopic method and two of them with the open surgical method. Overall, fourty two (31.8%) of the patients were male and 90 (68.2%) were female. The average age was 48.7. One-hundred one (76.5%) patients were clinically symptomatic. Gallstones were analysed in 35 (26.5%) patients. Multipl polyps were detected in 34 (25.8%) patients. There were no polyps determined in 47 (35.6%) patients the histopathological examination. The most common polyp type was cholesterol polyps (%64.8). Cancer histopathology was not found in any patient. Conclusion:It is difficult to differentiate premalign and/or malignant lesions of the gallbladder from benign lesions. Therefore, we believe that surgical treatment is the correct approach for all GBP, which are symptomatic, accompanying stones, and that have a risk of malignancy ultrasonographically.
BackgroundSeroma formation is the most common complication after breast cancer surgery. It is an important complication since it prolongs therapy duration, increases cost, and negatively affects patient psychology. Currently, there is no widely accepted method that prevents seroma formation. We tried to investigate impact of local phenytoin application on seroma formation following an experimental mastectomy model created in rats.MethodsTwo groups including eight rats in each were randomized. Saline injection was applied in the first group, whereas 1% phenytoin was locally used in the second group. Ten days after the surgery, seroma formation and wound-healing processes were evaluated using histopathological and biochemical examinations.ResultsPhenytoin significantly decreased seroma formation. Fibrosis was significantly increased and angiogenesis was significantly reduced in the phenytoin group (P < 0.05). Increased levels of macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration was detected in the control group (P < 0.05). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of necrosis, edema, congestion, and PNL (Polymorphonuclear leucocyte) and fibroblast infiltration.ConclusionsSeroma formation-reducing effect of phenytoin might have occurred over its anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenetic, and fibrosis augmenting effects.
Possible mechanisms for nicotine-induced relaxation were investigated in the isolated sheep's sphincter of Oddi. Sheep's sphincter of Oddi rings were mounted in tissue bath with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and aerated with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. Tension was measured with isometric force transducers, and muscle relaxation was expressed as percent decrease of precontraction induced by carbachol. Nicotine (1 x 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-3) mol/L) produced concentration-dependent relaxation on sphincter of Oddi precontracted by carbachol (10(-6) mol/L). Nicotine-induced relaxation was 72.8 +/- 4.2% of precontraction with carbachol (10(-6) mol/L) (mean pD2 value, 3.76 +/- 0.05 mol/L). Nicotine-induced relaxation was not affected by N(w)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (3 x 10(-5) mol/L), methylene blue (10(-5) mol/L), indomethacin (10(-5) mol/L), hexamethonium (10(-5) mol/L), glibenclamide (10(-5) mol/L), 4-aminopyridine (10(-3) mol/L), tetraethylammonium (3 x 10(-4) mol/L), clotrimazole (10(-6) mol/L), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) (10(-6) mol/L), and anthracene-9-carboxylate (9-AC) (10(-6) mol/L), but potentiated by bupivacain (10(-5) mol/L). A calcium-antagonizing effect of nicotine was not observed. The results suggest that nicotine-induced relaxation of the sheep's sphincter of Oddi is not mediated by the release of prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO), or a related substance; by the activation of potassium channels or chloride channels; or by the stimulation of nicotinic cholinoceptors. Potentiation of the nicotine-induced relaxation by bupivacain indicates that blockade of sodium channels may play a role in this relaxation.
ÖzetEndometriyozis endometriyal dokunun uterus dışında geliş-mesi olarak tanımlanır. Üreme çağındaki kadınlarda sıklıkla pelvik organ ve peritoneumda bulunmakla birlikte böbrek-lerde, böbreküstü bezlerde, umbilikusda, ciltte, periferik sinirlerde, kalpte, karaciğerde ve kemikte de bulunabilir. Karın duvarında gelişen endometriyozis genellikle sezaryen veya diğer jinekolojik ameliyatlar sonrası oluşmaktadır. Bu yazıda, ameliyat edilen sekiz karın duvarı endometriyozis olgusu literatür eşliğinde sunuldu.Anahtar sözcükler: Cerrahi tedavi; endometriozis; karın duvarı. SummaryEndometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. In the childbearing period, it is mostly localized to the pelvic viscera and the peritoneum. Kidneys, surrenal glands, umbilicus, skin, peripheral nerves, heart, liver, and
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