A detailed sedimentological study has been carried out on the rock succession exposed at several road cuts along the road from Kampung Pejing to Kampung Lotong located in the east of Chenor, Pahang. The studied rock succession can be divided into four sedimentary facies, namely the sandstone with conglomerate lenses facies, the siltstone with minor sandstone facies, the thickly bedded sandstone facies and the interbedded sandstone with siltstone facies. The palaeoenvironments of deposition for each of the facies are described. It shows a close resemblance with the Mangkin Sandstone Formation in The Tembeling Group of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age, which was interpreted to be deposited in an alluvial fan system. Abstrak: Kajian sedimentologi secara terperinci telah dijalankan terhadap jujukan batuan yang tersingkap di beberapa potongan jalan dari Kampung Pejing hingga Kampung Lotong yang terletak di bahagian timur Chenor, Pahang. Jujukan batuan yang dikaji dapat dibahagikan kepada empat fasies iaitu fasies batu pasir dengan kekanta konglomerat, fasies batu lodak dengan sedikit batu pasir, fasies batu pasir berpelapisan tebal dan fasies selang lapis batu pasir dengan batu lodak. Sekitaran pengendapan bagi setiap fasies diterangkan. Jujukan ini mempunyai persamaan yang jelas dengan Formasi Batu Pasir Mangkin dalam Kumpulan Tembeling berusia Jura-Kapur yang ditafsirkan telah terendap di sekitaran kipas aluvium.
Residual soils of serpentinite in the Kuala Pilah area, Negeri Sembilan, have been analysed for their physicochemical properties. Results indicate that the serpentinite soils are characterised by their predominantly clayey nature, high plasticities, generally low compacted densities, slightly acidic pore fluids, and non-dispersive nature. Abstrak: Tanah bald serpentinit di kawasan Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, telah diuji sifat fiziko-kimianya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tanah bald serpentinit dicirikan oleh sifat berlempung, keplastikan tinggi, ketumpatan pemadatan rendah, air liang sedikit berasid dan sifat tidak dispersif.
Excavation of rocks in the Semanggol Formation exposed more rock succession, making it feasible to study in detail the stratigraphical distribution of the rocks, their age and relationship among the units in the formation. Five Permian and four Triassic radiolarian biozones were recognized. Discovery of Permo-Triassic radiolarian faunas indicates the chert unit is partly equivalent in age to the rhythmite and conglomerate units. The chert unit is divided into eight sedimentary facies, which were deposited in an open-deep marine environment under the influence of different transport mechanisms. It is evident that there were widespread volcanogenic sediments prior to the deposition of the chert in the Semanggol Formation.Abstrak: Pengorekan batuan di Formasi Semanggol telah mendedahkan lebih banyak jujukan batuan yang membolehkan kajian terperinci sebaran stratigrafi, usia, dan hubungan unit-unit dalam formasi ini. Lima biozon Perm dan empat biozon Trias radiolaria telah dikenal pasti. Penemuan radiolaria Perm dan Trias menunjukkan unit rijang ini sebahagiannya setara dengan unit berirama dan konglomerat. Unit rijang boleh dibahagikan kepada lapan fasies endapan yang diendapkan dalam sekitaran samudera laut dalam di bawah pengaruh mekanisme pengankutan yang berbeza. Bukti juga menunjukkan kewujudan endapan volkanogen yang meluas sebelum berlakunya pengendapan rijang Formasi Semanggol.
A Lower Devonian dacryoconarid bed has been found in Hill B at Guar Jentik, Perlis. This fossiliferous bed stratigraphically overlies a biomicritic limestone lenticle, also known as the Sanai Limestone member, which is located at the lower part of Hill B. The Dacryoconarid bed contains Nowakia acuaria and Styliolina sp.. Monograptus sp. and Plectodonta forteyi were also found in this layer. The occurrence of Nowakia acuaria and Plectodonta forteyi in the dacryoconarid bed indicate a late Pragian to early Emsian age. Dacryoconarids are randomly oriented and abundant at the top of the limestone overlying the dacryoconarid bed. Dacryoconarids are very rare in the middle part of the limestone. This indicates that the limestone bed at Hill B is older than Pragian. It is probably the upper part of the Setul Formation. The Devonian sequence at Hill B, which is represented by thinly bedded mudstone and the dacryoconarid bed, suggests very slow deposition or non-deposition during Middle and Late Devonian.Abstrak: Lapisan dacryoconarid yang berusia Devon Bawah telah dijumpai di Bukit B Guar Jentik, Perlis. Lapisan kaya fosil ini secara stratigrafi menindih kekanta batu kapur biomikrit, yang terletak di bahagian bawah Bukit B. Lapisan dacryoconarid mengandungi Nowakia acuaria dan Styliolina sp. Selain daripada itu, Monograptus sp. dan Plectodonta forteyi juga dijumpai dalam lapisan ini. Nowakia acuaria dan Plectodonta forteyi adalah fosil index biostratigrafi yang penting dalam menunjukkan lapisan dacryoconarid ini berusia dari Pragian Akhir ke Emsian Awal. Dacryoconarid wujud dalam pelbagai orientasi dan banyak di bahagian atas batu kapur terutamanya di sentuhan antara batu kapur dan lapisan dacryoconarid. Dacryoconarid sangat jarang di bahagian tengah batu kapur. Ini menunjukkan lapisan batu kapur di Bukit B adalah lebih tua dari Pragian. Kemungkinan ini merupakan bahagian atas Formasi Setul. Jujukan Devon di Bukit B yang diwakili oleh lapisan nipis batu lodak dan lapisan dacryoconarid mencadangkan pengendapan yang perlahan atau tiada pengendapan semasa Devon Tengah dan Devon Akhir.
Searching for alternative energy sources continues to grow in recent times due to the fear of energy insecurity in the near future and environmental and sociopolitical issues associated with the use of fossil fuel. Among the renewable energy sources, biomass is the only source that has carbon in its building blocks which can be processed to liquid fuel. In this study, pyrolysis of oil palm residues (trunk, frond and empty fruit bunch) was carried out in a fixed bed tubular reactor under nitrogen atmosphere at 30 mL/min, 30˚C/min heating rate and 600˚C reaction temperature. Pyrolysis products (bio-oil, bio-char and non-condensable gas) were characterized. Water content, acidity (pH), higher heating value (HHV) and oxygen content of the bio-oil varied between 39.28 -43 wt%, 2.92 -3.20, 19.29 -21.92 MJ/kg and 58.47 -59.85 wt% respectively. Low pH, highwater and oxygen contents in the oil make it unsuitable for being used as fuel and therefore require upgrading. Scanning electron microscopy and ultimate analysis of the bio-char suggests that it is a porous material and consists mainly carbon between 82.22 -84.96 wt% and has HHV in the range of 25.98 -27.65 MJ/kg. This may be used as solid biofuel, adsorbent and source of carbon. High percentage of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were observed in the non-condensable gas which may be processed to transportation fuel via Fisher-Tropsch process. Oil palm residues represent good source of renewable energy when all the pyrolysis products are efficiently utilized.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.