This study was conducted to determine the effect of row spacing (40, 60 and 80 cm) on forage dry matter (DM) yield and quality of four hybrids grown in the years 2001 and 2002. The highest DM yield was obtained from the Arifiye (24.1 and 22.4 t/ha) while the lowest DM yield was obtained from Pioneer 3163 (19.9 and 19.8 t/ha) in the years 2001 and 2002, respectively. As row spacing increased, DM yield as an average of two years decreased from 27.2 to 16.6 t/ha. No differences were found among row spacing for DM content, harvest index (HI) and ear content. As row spacing increased, whole-plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content increased from 214 to 227 g/kg and from 420 to 451 g/kg during the year 2001, respectively. However, ADF content decreased from 281 to 267 g/kg and NDF contents decreased from 530 to 515 g/kg with increasing row spacing during the year 2002. In this study, hybrids showed distinct differences for crude protein, ADF and NDF contents in both years. Forage quality parameter including ADF and NDF of Pioneer 3163, TTM 8119 and Karadeniz Yildizi were higher than Arifiye hybrid.
In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) rate (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha−1 applied in three equal dressings at seeding and after the first and second cuttings) and stubble height (7, 14 and 21 cm) on the dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) content, and CP yield of a sorghum–sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf., cv. Pioneer 988] in the three‐cut system was investigated. The N rate had no significant effect in the first and third cuttings, but in the second cutting DM yields increased significantly with increase in N rate. The highest yield of 9.1 t ha−1 was obtained with 80 kg N ha−1 for the average of 2 years at the second cutting, but no significant difference was found among the 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha−1 rates. CP content and yield were not significantly affected by N rate at the first and third cuttings, but CP content and yield were significantly affected by application of N at the second cutting. Stubble height had a significant effect on CP content at the third cutting. However, it had no significant effect on CP content at the first and second cuttings. Stubble height had a significant effect on the CP yield at the first cutting, but no significant effect on CP yield at the second and third cuttings.
The effects of row spacing (17.5 or 35.0 cm), support plant species (barley or triticale) and the proportion of crops in mixtures (no support plant or support plant 20, 40 or 60 %, respectively) on the seed yield and yield characteristics of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) were investigated. Increasing the row spacing increased the seed yield of V. pannonica from 881.0 to 1248.0 kg ha )1 . On average, in a pure stand the seed yield of V. pannonica was 1141.0 kg ha )1 . In mixtures with barley and triticale, the seed yield of V. pannonica averaged 986.0 and 1143.0 kg ha )1 , respectively. In single mixed stands the seed yield of V. pannonica varied between 551.0 kg ha )1 (60 % support plant barley) and 1603.0 kg ha )1 (20 % support plant triticale). The yield advantage of V. pannonica in this triticale mixture was 40 % compared to the V. pannonica pure stand. With respect to the total yield in the mixture with 20 % triticale (1902.0 kg ha )1 ) the yield advantage over the V. pannonica pure stand was as high as 65.1 %. In the mixed stands the number of seeds per pod and the thousand-seed weight of V. pannonica were higher than in V. pannonica pure stands.
Iptas, S. and Brohi, A. R. (Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpas a University, TR-60240 Tokat, Turkey). Effect of nitrogen rates and method of nitrogen application on dry matter yield and some characters of sorghum -sudangrass hybrid.In this study, the effect of nitrogen (N) rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N ha ¼ 1 ) and methods of N application (A 1 : all N at sowing; A 2 : no N at sowing, half N after the rst cutting and the remaining half after the second cutting; A 3 : one-third N at sowing, one-third after the rst cutting, and the last third after the second cutting) on dry matter (DM) yield and some characters of the sorghum -sudangrass hybrid was investigated. DM yield increased signi cantly from 27.0 g pot ¼ 1 (0 kg N ha ¼ 1 ) to 38.6 g pot ¼ 1 (120 kg N ha ¼ 1 ). Higher N rates continued to increase the number of tillers per plant ¼ 1 (except for 40 and 80 kg N ha ¼ 1 ). N rates have signi cant effect on crude protein (CP) content, and CP content varied from 6.71 to 7.08%. N up to 120 kg N ha ¼ 1 rate increased CP yield, but no difference was observed among 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N ha ¼ 1 . There was no signi cant effect of the method of N application in terms of DM yield, tillering and CP yield. However, the method of N application had a signi cant effect on CP content, which was 7.09% by A 1 , 6.97% by A 2 and 6.57% by A 3 .
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