The present study investigated the effect of various types of impregnating and surface treatment materials on the fire resistance of wood material indoors and outdoors. Wood samples (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) were impregnated with Wolmanit-CB or Tanalith-E according to ASTM D1413‐76 (American Society for Testing and Materials 1976). The impregnated surface was treated with either synthetic or water-based outdoor varnish materials. The impregnated and varnished samples were left in outdoor conditions for 1 year. The combustion characteristics of the samples were investigated at the end of 1 year according to the combustion parameters detailed in the ASTM E160‐50 (1975) combustion test. The results of this study indicated that the combustion parameters were lower in the 1-year-old samples (89.12% of control values), in the samples impregnated using Wolmanit-CB (89.18% of control values), and in samples treated using water-based varnish (88.43% of control values). The analysis of flue gas indicated that the O2 content of the 1-year-old samples impregnated with Wolmanit-CB and treated with synthetic varnish was higher, whereas the CO content was lower. In conclusion, impregnated Wolmanit-CB specimens provide higher fire resistance.
Impregnation, drying, and varnishing are performed to increase the usage life of wood material by making it resistant to chemical, physical, and biological agents. The most common wood protection procedures are chemical methods. Therefore, it is essential to develop new impregnation substances that do not harm the environment and human health but are still economically efficient. In this study, oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) was impregnated with borax and boric acid in 1%, 3%, and 5% aqueous solutions. Quechua (Caesalpinia spinosa) was also used as a natural impregnation substance. The retention amount of the impregnated samples was examined for the oven-dried density, bending strength, elastic modulus, screw holding strength tests, compression strength parallel to the grain, and Bending strength parallel to the grain. The samples impregnated with borax had higher oven-dried density, bending strength, elasticity modulus in bending, and Bending strength parallel to the grain tests than samples treated with boric acid; however, the screw holding strength tests showed the opposite trend. The screw holding strength was higher in the impregnated samples than in controls. The bending strength, the elasticity modulus in bending, and the Bending strength parallel to the grain were lower in the control samples.
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