OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine plasma adiponectin concentrations during perinatal the period and their correlations with fetal anthropometric parameters and other hormones. DESIGN Venous cord blood samples were obtained from 59 full-term healthy newborns (36 males and 23 females, gestational age 37·0 -41·4 weeks, birth weight 2,146 -4,326 g, birth length 44·0 -54·5 cm). The blood samples were also obtained from 15 neonates (postnatal day 3 -7) whose cord blood had already been collected and the changes in adiponectin concentrations were examined. MEASUREMENTS The adiponectin concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The leptin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Insulin, GH and IGF-1 concentrations were determined by immunoradiometric assays. RESULTS The plasma adiponectin concentrations in cord blood ranged from 6·0 to 55·8 µ µ µ µ g/ml (median 22·4 µ µ µ µ g /ml), which were much higher than those in normal-weight adults ( P < 0·0001). In contrast to the findings in adults, these values were positively correlated with birth weight ( r = 0·43, P = 0·0005), body mass index ( r = 0·44, P = 0·0005), birth weight / birth length ratio ( r = 0·46, P = 0·0002) and the leptin concentrations ( r = 0·39, P = 0·004). When the effects of fat massrelated anthropometric parameters such as the birth weight/birth length ratio were controlled, plasma adiponectin concentrations had a significant inverse correlation with insulin concentrations ( r = − − − − 0·35, P = 0·01). There was no significant gender difference in adiponectin concentrations among newborns. The
The fatty acid composition in liver tissue and expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism were different between the SS and NASH groups, suggesting that the acceleration of fatty acid metabolism is deeply involved in pathogenesis of NASH.
To investigate the relationship between ghrelin and both fetal and neonatal growth parameters and energy balance, we measured plasma ghrelin concentrations in 54 cord blood samples (male, n = 34; female, n = 20; gestational age, 37.0-41.6 wk; birth weight, 2206-4326 g) and 47 neonatal blood samples (male, n = 27; female, n = 20; postnatal d 3-8). The plasma ghrelin concentrations in cord blood ranged from 110.6-446.1 pmol/liter (median, 206.7 pmol/liter), which were equal to or higher than those in normal weight adults. These values were inversely correlated with birth weight (r = -0.40; P = 0.002), birth length (r = -0.36; P = 0.007), placental weight (r = -0.35; P = 0.01), and IGF-I concentration (r = -0.49; P = 0.0002), but were not significantly correlated with the GH concentration (r = 0.22; P = 0.12). The ghrelin concentrations in small for gestational age newborn were significantly higher than those in appropriate for gestational age newborns (P = 0.0008). The ghrelin concentrations in the vein were significantly higher than those in the artery in 8 cord blood samples (P = 0.01), which suggests that the placenta is an important source of fetal ghrelin. In neonates, the ghrelin concentrations ranged from 133.0-481.7 pmol/liter (median, 268.3 pmol/liter), which were significantly higher than those in cord blood (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that ghrelin may contribute to fetal and neonatal growth.
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