Recently, there has been a huge rise in malware growth, which creates a significant security threat to organizations and individuals. Despite the incessant efforts of cybersecurity research to defend against malware threats, malware developers discover new ways to evade these defense techniques. Traditional static and dynamic analysis methods are ineffective in identifying new malware and pose high overhead in terms of memory and time. Typical machine learning approaches that train a classifier based on handcrafted features are also not sufficiently potent against these evasive techniques and require more efforts due to feature-engineering. Recent malware detectors indicate performance degradation due to class imbalance in malware datasets. To resolve these challenges, this work adopts a visualization-based method, where malware binaries are depicted as two-dimensional images and classified by a deep learning model. We propose an efficient malware detection system based on deep learning. The system uses a reweighted class-balanced loss function in the final classification layer of the DenseNet model to achieve significant performance improvements in classifying malware by handling imbalanced data issues. Comprehensive experiments performed on four benchmark malware datasets show that the proposed approach can detect new malware samples with higher accuracy (98.23% for the Malimg dataset, 98.46% for the BIG 2015 dataset, 98.21% for the MaleVis dataset, and 89.48% for the unseen Malicia dataset) and reduced false-positive rates when compared with conventional malware mitigation techniques while maintaining low computational time. The proposed malware detection solution is also reliable and effective against obfuscation attacks.

Globally, breast cancer is one of the most significant causes of death among women. Early detection accompanied by prompt treatment can reduce the risk of death due to breast cancer. Currently, machine learning in cloud computing plays a pivotal role in disease diagnosis, but predominantly among the people living in remote areas where medical facilities are scarce. Diagnosis systems based on machine learning act as secondary readers and assist radiologists in the proper diagnosis of diseases, whereas cloud-based systems can support telehealth services and remote diagnostics. Techniques based on artificial neural networks (ANN) have attracted many researchers to explore their capability for disease diagnosis. Extreme learning machine (ELM) is one of the variants of ANN that has a huge potential for solving various classification problems. The framework proposed in this paper amalgamates three research domains: Firstly, ELM is applied for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Secondly, to eliminate insignificant features, the gain ratio feature selection method is employed. Lastly, a cloud computing-based system for remote diagnosis of breast cancer using ELM is proposed. The performance of the cloud-based ELM is compared with some state-of-the-art technologies for disease diagnosis. The results achieved on the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WBCD) dataset indicate that the cloud-based ELM technique outperforms other results. The best performance results of ELM were found for both the standalone and cloud environments, which were compared. The important findings of the experimental results indicate that the accuracy achieved is 0.9868, the recall is 0.9130, the precision is 0.9054, and the F1-score is 0.8129.

Fog computing is a modern computing model which offers geographically dispersed end-users with the latency-aware and highly scalable services. It is comparatively safer than cloud computing, due to information being rapidly stored and evaluated closer to data sources on local fog nodes. The advent of Blockchain (BC) technology has become a remarkable, most revolutionary, and growing development in recent years. BT's open platform stresses data protection and anonymity. It also guarantees data is protected and valid through the consensus process. BC is mainly used in money-related exchanges; now it will be used in many domains, including healthcare; This paper proposes efficient Blockchain-based secure healthcare services for disease prediction in fog computing. Diabetes and cardio diseases are considered for prediction. Initially, the patient health information is collected from Fog Nodes and stored on a Blockchain. The novel rule-based clustering algorithm is initially applied to cluster the patient health records. Finally, diabetic and cardio diseases are predicted using feature selection based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (FS-ANFIS). To evaluate the performance of the proposed work, an extensive experiment and analysis were conducted on data from the real world healthcare. The experimental results show that the proposed work efficiently predict the disease.

Malware is 'malicious software' programs that carry out many of the cyberattacks on the Internet, including cybercrime, fraud, scams and nation-state cyberwar. These malicious software programs come in a wide range of different classifications such as viruses, Trojans, worms, spyware, botnet malware, ransomware, Rootkit, etc. Ransomware is class of malware that holds the victim's data hostage by encrypting the data on a user's computer to make it unavailable to the user and only decrypt it after the user pays a ransom in the form of a sum of money. To avoid detection, different variants of ransomware utilise one or more techniques in their attack flow including Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. There is, therefore, a need to understand the techniques used ransomware development and their deployment strategy in order to understand their attack flow better to develop appropriate countermeasures. In this paper, we propose DNAact-Ran, A Digital DNA Sequencing Engine for Ransomware Detection Using Machine Learning. DNAact-Ran utilises Digital DNA sequencing design constraints and k-mer frequency vector. To measure the efficacy of the proposed approach, we evaluated DNAact-Run on 582 ransomware and 942 goodware instances to measure the performance of precision, recall, f-measure and accuracy. Compared to other methods, the evaluation results show that DNAact-Run can predict and detect ransomware accurately and effectively.

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Malware is a rapidly increasing menace to modern computing. Malware authors continually incorporate various sophisticated features like code obfuscations to create malware variants and elude detection by existing malware detection systems. The classification of unseen malware variants with similar characteristics into their respective families is a significant challenge, even if the classifier is trained with known variants belonging to the same family. The identification and extraction of distinct features for each malware is another issue for generalizing the malware detection system. Features that contribute to the generalization capability of the classifier are difficult to be engineered with modifications in each malware. Conventional malware detection systems employ static signature-based methods and dynamic behavior-based methods, which are inefficient in analyzing and detecting advanced and zero-day malware. To address these issues, this work employs a visualization approach where malware is represented as 2D images and proposes a robust machine learning-based anti-malware solution. The proposed system is based on a layered ensemble approach that mimics the key characteristics of deep learning techniques but performs better than the latter. The proposed system does not require hyperparameter tuning or backpropagation and works with reduced model complexity. The proposed model outperformed other state-of-the-art techniques with a detection rate of 98.65%, 97.2%, and 97.43% for Malimg, BIG 2015, and MaleVis malware datasets, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed solution is effective in identifying new and advanced malware due to its diverse features.

The continuous improvements in the area of medical imaging, makes the patient monitoring a crucial concern. The internet of things (IoT) embedded in a medical technologies to collect data from human body through sensors, wireless connectivity etc. The junction of medicine and IT like medical informatics will transform healthcare, curbing cost, make more efficient, and saving lives. Various computerized techniques are implemented in the area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the application of medical imaging to diagnose the infected regions in the images and videos such as WCE and pathology. The famous stomach infections are ulcer, polyp, and bleeding. Stomach cancer is the most common infection and a leading cause of human deaths worldwide. In the USA, since 2019, a total of 27,510 new cases are reported including 17,230 men and 10,230 women. While the number of deaths is 11,140 consists of 6,800 men and 4,340 women. The manual diagnosis of these stomach infections is a difficult and agitated process therefore it is required to design a fully automated system using AI. In this article, we presented a fully automated system for stomach infection recognition based on deep learning features fusion and selection. In this design, ulcer images are assigned manually and support to a saliency-based method for ulcer detection. Later, pre-trained deep learning model named VGG16 is employing and retrained using transfer learning. Features of re-trained model are extracted from two consecutive fully connected layers and fused by array-based approach. Besides, the best individuals are selected through the metaheuristic approach name PSO along mean value-based fitness function. The selected individuals are finally recognized through Cubic SVM. The experiments are conducted on Private collected dataset and achieved an accuracy of 98.4%, which is best as compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques.