Open Access Original Article
Objectives: Rasagiline, a drug for Parkinson’s disease is metabolized by CYP1A2 enzyme. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of cytochrome P450 1A2 variants and smoking status of healthy individuals on the pharmacokinetics of rasagiline. Methods: A comparative, open label, interventional, single oral dose, pharmacokinetic study was performed on 108 healthy volunteers in UHS & UVAS, Lahore. Data collection was initiated in June 2016 and ended in January 2018. It was divided in three phases with 1, 2 and 5mg of rasagiline given to a group of 36 volunteers in each phase. Volunteers were sub-divided into six groups of AA smokers, AA non-smokers, AC smokers, AC non-smokers, CC smokers & CC non-smokers on the basis of genotyping and smoking status. Serial blood sampling was performed at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 & 12 hours after administration of rasagiline tablets. Plasma concentrations were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated using software (APO) pharmacological analysis. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference between AA and CC groups. Multiple group comparison with post hoc Tukey’s revealed that AA-smokers had significantly less tmax (p<0.001), t1/2 (p<0.012), AUC (p<0.008) and highest Cl (p<0.001) as compared to CC-smokers. The trend was same across all three doses. Conclusion: The study concludes that the systemic metabolism of rasagiline is significantly increased in CYP1A2*AA variants while smoking status did not show consistent difference in PK parameters. Registered Trial: ISRCTN68198254 doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4940 How to cite this:Bilal R, Ahmad NS, Zaffar S, Mazhar MU, Siddiqui WA, Tariq S. Rasagiline Pharmacokinetics in CYP1A2 Variant Healthy Smokers & Non-smokers in Different Doses. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4940 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: In Pakistan, many people undergo tooth extractions every year due to various causes such as dental caries, periodontitis, and trauma. For a healthy alveolar bone after tooth extraction, some kind of intervention is always required. Honey can possibly help to improve bone healing after tooth extractions. Aim: To observe the effects of honey on bone healing of alveolar sockets after tooth extraction in humans. Method: It was an experimental study, conducted at Lahore general hospital over the period of 6 months. Twenty-four participants were included in the study through simple random sampling technique. After tooth extractions in both groups, honey was injected into extracted sockets of the experimental group while the control group was left as it was. Levels of BMP-2 were tested in saliva through the ELISA technique on days 1, 3, and 7 of tooth extraction. Results: In the control group, mean BMP-2 levels were 485.5± 52.63, 623.7 ±47.16 and 692.5± 11.86 while in the experimental group the mean values of BMP-2 were 494.3 ± 49.89, 703.6 ± 39.31 and 812.9 ± 34.40 at day 1, 3 and 7 respectively. The mean difference was calculated to be 8.75, 79.9, and 120.5. A significant difference (p-value <0.001) was noted in levels of BMP-2 between the experimental and control group on days 3 and 7. Conclusion: Raise in levels of BMP-2 in the experimental group when compared with the control group confirmed better bone healing. Hence, honey can be used to promote bone healing in post-extraction tooth sockets. This study can be used in future to improve bone quality and minimize ridge resorption after tooth extractions. Keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), Honey, Extracted Tooth sockets, bone healing, ELISA.
Objective: The objective was to establish a quantifiable link between sleep depression and GPA of nursing students. Study Design: This is a cross sectional, observational analytical study. Place and duration: It was conducted in CMH Lahore Institute of Nursing for a duration of 4 months. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at CMH Medical College, Lahore. A total of 41 willing students were included. After informed verbal consent, a predesigned questionnaire, adopted from similar studies, was used to obtain information regarding individual sleep hours, duty hours, perceptions regarding their sleep patterns and their GPA (academic performance). All the data was collected using Google Forms. The data was analysed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 41 participants were included in the study. The mean age of these participants was 19.76±0.97 years. Mean GPA was 3.44±0.21. Majority of the students believed that 12-hour shifts negatively impact their attention span in class (87.8 percent) and consequently their study routines (95.1 percent). A cumulative 82.9 percent of the participants felt that they needed more sleep for better patient safety and academic performance. Conclusion: The mean GPAs, sleep lengths, and wake/sleep times did not vary much within the sample population. However, apparent sleep quality and perceived tiredness varied significantly, with the respondents reporting a grave concern about patient welfare and future academic performance. Keywords: Sleep, sleep deprivation, GPA, performance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.