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Despite mostly being incidental findings, panoramic radiography can be the first relevant test that aids dental practitioners in the process of requesting other imaging techniques or forwarding to the correct specialty.

Understanding the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon stock is crucial for effective climate change assessment and agroecosystem management. However, little is known about the effects of organic amendments on GHG emissions and dynamic changes in carbon stocks in salt-affected soils. To fill this research gap, we conducted a pot experiment with four treatments including control (without fertilization), biochar, vermicompost, and compost on non-saline and salt-affected soils, with the application on a carbon equivalent basis. Our results revealed that the addition of vermicompost significantly increased soil organic carbon content by 18% in non-saline soil and 52% in salt-affected soil compared to the control leading to improvements in crop productivity by 73% in non-saline soil and 53% in salt-affected soil. However, the highest carbon dioxide emissions were observed in vermicompost- and compost-treated soils, leading to an increase in emissions of 46% in non-saline soil and 74% in salt-affected soil compared to the control. The compost treatment resulted in the highest nitrous oxide emissions, with an increase of 57% in non-saline soil and 62% in salt-affected soil compared to the control. In saline and non-saline soils treated with vermicompost, the global warming potential was recorded as 267% and 81% more than the control, respectively. All treatments, except biochar in non-saline soil, showed increased net GHG emissions due to organic amendment application. However, biochar reduced net emissions by 12% in non-saline soil. The application of organic amendments increased soil organic carbon content and crop yield in both non-saline and salt-affected soils. In conclusion, biochar is most effective among all tested organic amendments at increasing soil organic carbon content in both normal and salt-affected soils, which could have potential benefits for soil health and crop production.

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Aim: To evaluate the course, origin and termination of coronary artery anomalies in subjects demonstrating various symptoms and undergoing multidetector CT coronary angiography for evaluation of coronary disease. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and duration: Ch.Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology Multan from January 2021 to January 2022. Methodology: The study included patients who were referred to the radiology department because of suspicion of coronary artery disease. The data of these patients were reviewed for the course and origin of coronary artery anomalies. A 64-slice scanner was used for MDCT coronary angiography. At the start of acquisition contrast arriving coronary arteries were synchronised using the bolus tracking technique. The whole heart was imaged during apnea using 80-90ml iodinated contrast material administered intravenously. Coronary arteries were evaluated using 3-D and multiplanar reformatted images Results: Total of 600 patients who were referred for MDCT coronary angiography. The subjects underwent screening because of various risk factors, chest pain, or similar symptoms. Coronary artery anomalies were diagnosed in 21 out of 600 (3.5%) patients, whose mean age was 52.6±10.8 years and 504 (84%) were male. 3(14%) patients had high take-off of RCA (right coronary right) and 4(19%) of LMCA (left main coronary artery). In 5(24%) patients left circumflex artery (LCx) and left anterior descending artery (LAD) originated separately from the left sinus of Valsalva (LSV). In 3(14%) patients RCA originated from the opposite sinus of Valsalva.RCA anomaly in 1 patient had a malignant course. Conclusion: The study shows that evaluation of coronary artery anomalies can viably be done using CT. Right diagnosis and treatment planning are based upon an understanding of the clinical significance and CT characteristics of different CAAs. Keywords: Coronary artery angiography, MDCT, prevalence

Periodontal disease is a plaque-related disease. Although systemic medications cannot initiate periodontal disease, they can, however, adversely affect the periodontal tissues and exacerbate existing disease. Medications can have an effect on oral health, periodontal disease diagnosis, gingival and oral mucosal tissues or the alveolar bone. Side-effects of systemic medications require various levels of management. Ultimately, a strict oral hygiene regimen is essential to prevent and reduce the effect of medications on the periodontal tissues. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of various medications on the periodontium, educate and increase awareness for dental professionals of these effects and discuss management protocols. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to provide an overview of the medications affecting the periodontium and the management of drug-influenced gingival diseases.