BackgroundThe clinical significance of the Enterobacter nimipressuralis as human pathogens remains unclear.Case presentationsThe microbiologic culture monitoring system of sterile body fluids revealed on an episode of Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter amnigenus in blood culture results on the same day; the antibiotic sensitivity and MIC were nearly the same for both species. First patient was a healthy woman with postmenopausal syndrome, while second patient with herpes zoster. Both patients had febrile sensations without signs of bacteremia. E. amnigenus was also cultured from the unused package of salined cotton in the container through epidemiologic investigation. The cultured Enterobacter species were all identified as E. nimipressuralis through hsp60 gene sequencing and infrequent-restriction-site PCR (IRS-PCR).ConclusionWhen an unusual microorganisms such as E. nimipressuralis is isolated from blood of a patient with no clinical signs of sepsis, a pseudobacteremia should be suspected. When the antibiogram and MIC test results of bacterial cultures from two or more patients are nearly the same, although the species involved may appear different, it may be necessary to prove that they are the same species through molecular methods. The microbiologic cultures monitoring system will probably help to detect pseudobacteremia and other pseudo infections through reliable and fast identification.
The DLF, Lime fund and Optimus fund scandals highlight the unethical management and sales behavior of financial companies as well as consumers’ lowered trust in them; this has raised awareness regarding high-risk financial products and the need for financial consumer protection in Korea. Financial authorities have devised various measures to prevent the recurrence of scandals. Examining the current state of high-risk financial product sales and the newly introduced regulatory measures, this study investigates whether there exists any lack in the financial consumer protection and regulatory measures. If financial companies play a responsible role in protecting financial consumers while manufacturing and selling risky and complex financial products and providing innovative investment opportunities and profit structures that cannot be found in the existing financial products, financial consumers’ trust may be restored in them. High-risk financial products should not be the means of exploiting financial consumers who lack financial literacy, but rather to enhance the dynamics of the capital market through efficient capital intermediation and risk diversification.
The bankruptcy duration of reorganized firms should be different from that of failed firms. Adopting a competing risk model and using the Korean corporate bankruptcy data, we confirm the differences in reorganized and failed cases. We find that the failure decision of bigger firms seems delayed (the too-big-to-fail-too-early hypothesis). In systemic bankruptcy, the bankruptcy period is shortened and the reorganization bias is increased (Super Chapter 11 principle). Also, if bankruptcy is filed in a poor business environment, reorganization may occur faster and failure slower for that company (handicapped signal theory).
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