Objectives: Monocyte/high density lipprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) has been reported to be associated with obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). In this study, it was aimed to evaluate whether there is a relationship between PCOS and MHR and inflammatory parameters, to investigate the relationship level of MHR and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), which are easily accessible inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, with obese women with PCOS, and to determine the usability of MHR as a predictive marker for PCOS. Material and methods:The study included 64 PCOS-patients who were admitted to Gynecology clinics and 52 healthy women. Results:The mean MHR (12.5 ± 4.6) in the PCOS group was significantly higher than the control group (10.4 ± 4.0) (p = 0.01). In the examination performed by combining the groups PCOS and obesity status, the mean MHR value in the PCOS-obese group was significantly higher than all the other groups (p = 0.004). In the ROC analysis, the threshold value of 10.1 for MHR was found to have a sensitivity of 84.8% and specificity of 58.5% in determining the association between PCOS and obesity (AUC: 0.721; p < 0.001; LB: 0.628; UB: 0.814; CI 95%). Accordingly, the rate of those with MHR level of 10.1 and above was significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group (67.2% vs 40.4%) (p = 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, the determination is increased by 3,026 times (odds ratio; 1.401-6.535) in predicting the presence of PCOS in those with MHR value of 10.1 and above, and 7,576 times (Odds ratio; 2.652-21.646) in predicting the presence of PCOS + obesity. was found to be. Correlation analysis in PCOS patients revealed that the MHR value was negatively correlated with age (p = 0.001; r = -0.412), LMR (p = 0.003; r = -0.377), and total cholesterol [p = 0.018; correlation coefficient (r) = -0.302]. Conclusions:This study findings showed that MHR level is significantly related to PCOS, and especially MHR values above 10.1 may be a significant predictive marker for PCOS. Our study findings also show that an association of PCOS and obesity is a very important trigger on MHR.

The aim of the present study was to reveal the association of missed abortion, a process integrated with the immune system, with interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and to demonstrate the function of these molecules by examining their levels in decidual tissue. This prospective cohort study included 13 patients with no additional systemic disease, between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation with negative fetal heartbeat, and 11 patients between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation with positive heartbeat who presented for voluntary termination of pregnancy. In the fresh decidual tissue materials recovered after therapeutic curettage, IFN-γ and IRF5 protein levels were determined by ELISA method and IFN-γ and IRF5 gene expression levels by qPCR method. The mean IFN-γ (86.5 vs. 27.3 pg/mg protein; P<0.001) and IRF5 (2.0 vs. 1.5 ng/mg protein; P<0.001) levels were significantly higher in pregnant women who had missed abortion compared to the voluntary abortion group. The increases in the mean IFN-γ/GAPDH (3.5 vs. 1.5-fold increase; P<0.001) and IRF5/GAPDH (3.9 vs. 1.4-fold increase; P<0.001) gene expression levels were significantly higher in the tissues of pregnant women with missed abortion than in the voluntary abortion group. A threshold value of 45.2 pg/mg protein for IFN-γ had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100% in determination of missed abortion. The findings of present study revealed, to the best of our knowledge for the first time in the literature, that IFN-γ and IRF5 may be associated with missed abortion, and that IFN-γ and IRF5 protein levels and gene expression levels were significantly increased in the case of missed abortion. According to our findings, IFN-γ and IRF5 play an important role in placental invasion and pregnancy and can be used as markers for endometrial implantation.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of prednisolone treatment on the pregnancy rates of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients with positive thyroid autoantibodies. Methods: This study was conducted in the IVF unit of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine. It included 158 patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection using the long-term protocol of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist that was positive for thyroid autoantibodies. Each test’s reference value was used as a positive measure of anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-TG antibodies. On the day of oocyte intake, 44 of 158 patients were started on prednisolone, and the other 114 patients were followed up without medication. Results: In the control group, pregnancy did not occur in 67.5% of the patients; it was determined that 21.1% were pregnant, 5.3% had biochemical pregnancies, 4.4% had twin pregnancies, 0.9% had triplet pregnancies, and 0.9% had ectopic pregnancies. In the extended prednisolone group, pregnancy did not occur in 56.8% of the patients; it was determined that 36.4% of them were pregnant, 4.5% had twin pregnancies, and 2.3% had biochemical pregnancies. An increase in pregnancy rate was observed in the extended prednisolone group, while a statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the mean values of prednisolone according to pregnancy status (p<0.05). It was thus determined that the rate of conception increased in the extended prednisolone group compared to the controls. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between the presence of thyroid autoantibodies and poor IVF results. The coadministration of prednisolone can improve the clinical pregnancy rate in women affected by thyroid autoimmunity.

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INTRODUCTION: Although the number of studies conducted among pregnant women with coronavirus (COVID-19) is increasing rapidly, most of the studies are small-scale. Accordingly, data on the relationship between COVID-19 and pregnancy are limited. In addition, there is limited information about which complications COVID-19 causes in pregnant women compared to the normal population, and at what rates. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the data of studies and meta-analyses on pregnancies with COVID-19, and to determine the complication rates caused by COVID-19 in pregnancies. Methods: Clinical, observational, or cohort studies published (or epub ahead of print) between January 2020 and December 2021 in any language were scanned in PubMed and Google Scholar. While scanning, the combinations of the terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus”, “pregnancy”, “PROM”, or “preterm birth” were used. Results: A total of 52 articles and data on 11088 pregnant women were included in the meta-analysis after the screening of 6166 studies. In addition, data belonging to 10 meta-analyses were examined in order to obtain additional information. In the studies covered by this meta-analysis, the rate of premature rupture of membranes was found in 16.8%; preterm birth in 10.3%; low birth weight newborns in 9.2%; maternal or fetal mortality in 3.0%, and other adverse outcomes (fetal distress or abnormal APGAR score, abortion, etc.) in 17.5%. The vertical contamination rate was found to be 2.1%. Conclusion: The findings obtained in this meta-analysis show that COVID-19 significantly increases the maternal or fetal mortality rate in pregnant women and has a negative effect on the preterm birth rate. According to the data we have obtained, COVID-19 also causes the development of some complications, such as fetal distress. The findings also show that COVID-19 is transmitted vertically at a rate of around 2% during pregnancy.

Objective: Endometrial polyp (EP) can be diagnosed clinically by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUSG). In our study, we aimed to show the effectiveness of TVUSG in detecting EP with the hysteroscopy (H/S) results of patients who applied to our clinic and were considered for EP in TVUSG.Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients who were admitted to the obstetrics outpatient clinics of our hospital between August 1, 2015 and April 1, 2017 and were scheduled for H/S operation with a pre-diagnosis of EP were included in the study. The relationship between the age, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), infertility history, and the presence of EP after H/S was examined in the patients who had EP appearance on ultrasonography. The H/S results of patients with suspected EP in TVUSG and the efficiency of TVUSG in detecting EP were investigated. Results:The average age of the patients was 38.04±8.47 and ranged from 21 to 63. A significant difference was found in H/S between the ages of those with polyps and those without them (p=0.012). In patients with polyps in H/S, the average endometrium thickness was 13.36±5.37 mm, and in non-polyps, endometrium thickness was 14.08±4.58 mm. There was no significant difference in terms of endometrial thickness (p=0.141). The rate of AUB history (34.5%) in those with polyps seen in H/S was significantly higher than the rate of AUB history (13.2%) in those without polyps (p=0.007). Polyps were observed in H/S in 76% of 73 cases aged >35, and this rate was found to be significantly higher than cases under 35 years old. The sensitivity and negative predictive value was the highest in the diagnosis of polyp in the case of >35 years old alone (64.3% and 76.7%, respectively); Specificity and positive predictive value were the highest in both AUB and >35 years of age (89.4% and 85.7%, respectively). Conclusion:With TVUSG, the diagnosis of EP can be made with high accuracy in the presence of over 35 years of age with AUB findings.

While various molecular profiling methods have been described for the early diagnosis and prognostic process of endometrial cancer, the most common gynaecological cancer, the data obtained remain insufficient. The present study aimed to investigate the protein and gene expression of periostin and its role as a new biomarker in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of endometrial cancer. A total of 15 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer at the Department of Pathology, Zeynep Kamil Training and Research Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey) and 15 patients who were operated on for non-tumour-related reasons, between December 2019 and May 2020, were included in the study. The cases diagnosed with endometrial cancer were divided into three groups: International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics grades I, II and III. Pathology tumour blocks were selected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR studies in which periostin gene expression and protein levels were measured, respectively. A significant increase in periostin gene expression was observed in the endometrial cancer samples compared with that in the controls (3.40±0.66 vs. 2.23±0.47). The protein level of periostin in the tissues was found to be higher in the endometrial cancer samples than that in the control group (1.59±0.31 vs. 0.94±0.22). The levels of periostin protein and gene expression detected in the endometrial cancer samples increased as the grade increased. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to determine the levels of periostin protein and gene expression in endometrial cancer. The results suggested that periostin may be used as a biomarker in the determination of higher histological grade in endometrial cancer.