Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the anatomical and palynological features of endemic Thymus brachychilus Jalas. Material and Method: The plant material was fixed in 70% alcohol for anatomical investigation. Cross sections of the stem, leaves, and leaf surface sections were stained with sartur solution, and the anatomical aspects were examined. The trichome architectures, mesophyll cells, stomatal index, and glandular and non-glandular trichomes features of leaves and stem have been investigated and compared with the other Thymus species anatomical findings. In addition, measurements of anatomical structures were made. Pollen, flower parts, epidermis and trichome structure of the leaves, were examined in SEM. Result and Discussion: This is the first anatomical, palynological and micromorphological study on Thymus brachychilus. The epidermis of leaf consists of a single row of elongated shaped cells and is covered with a thin cuticle. There are nonglandular and glandular trichomes in the upper and lower epidermis. Two different types of nonglandular trichomes were found. Stomata are diacytic, and the epidermis is amphistomatic. The mesophyll layer is dorsiventral. The stem cross-section is square. The outermost single-row, elongated, square or rectangular epidermis is covered with a thin cuticle. The pollen symmetry is isopolar, shape is suboblate. It has hexacolpate and bireticulate properties.
Turkey, with its rich flora and high endemism proportion in a temperate zone, is highly favorable for beekeeping. In the studied area, two honeybees are present: Apis mellifera anatoliaca and the Yığılca local honeybee, which has been determined as local ecotype of anatoliaca in the Black Sea region. The main objective of this study was to determine the botanical sources of honey samples, which are produced by these two honeybees, from Akçakoca and Yığılca district. Chestnut and mad honey samples were obtained from local beekeepers. Pollen types in the honey samples were identified and determined the frequency classes. Castanea sativa was identified as the predominant pollen among the honey samples of Anatolian honeybee; these samples were classified as monofloral honey. Besides, Rhododendron ponticum and Lysimachia verticillaris pollens were found to be the important minor pollens in the mad honey samples of Anatolian honeybee. Mad honey samples from the Yığılca local honeybee were a multifloral honey and included Rhododendron ponticum and five other pollens as important minor pollen. In addition, physicochemical analyses were also performed. The honey samples gathered from the Yığılca district were deemed acceptable. On the other hand, the honey samples from the Akçakoca district were found acceptable except for moisture content. Also, 104 plant specimens were collected around beehives and 54 taxa were reported as melliferous plants. The Sorensen similarity coefficient, calculating among the melliferous plants of two localities (Akçakoca and Yığılca), was 51.85%. Diversity of melliferous plants was also higher in Yığılca than in Akçakoca.
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