Purpose: The relationship between vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is known. However, voiding dysfunction (VD) and constipation are also common in patients with GJH. We aimed to examine the relationship between VD, constipation and VUR in patients with GJH. Methods: A total of 224 children including 122 children with recurrent urinary tract infection (RUI) and 122 children as a control group were enrolled in a cross sectional study performed between April 2018, and April 2020. Control group was evaluated only for GJH. Patients with RUI were divided into two groups as groups with (Group 1), and without VUR (Group 2) and evaluated for the presence of VD, constipation and GJH. Results:The prevalence of GJH was statistically significantly higher in patients with RUI than the control group (p>0.001). The prevalence of GJH was significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 than the control group (p>0.001, and p>0.001) without any significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.36). VD and constipation were observed in significantly higher number of patients with GJH in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion:Our findings confirmed that the prevalence of GJH in children with VUR is higher than in the general population. In addition, constipation and VD in children with GJH contribute to the increased frequency of VUR in these patients.
Purpose: To analyze the association of testicular pathologies with TM.Method: The retrospective study included pediatric patients who underwent scrotal ultrasonography (US) due to complaints including testicular pain, discomfort, swelling, scrotal redness in our clinic between June 2020 and January 2022. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1; patients were diagnosed with testicular pathology or presented with testicular pain. Group 2; patients without testicular pathology or complaints. Patients were also classified as having undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, varicocele and testicular pain without testicular pathology in group 1. Group 1 and subgroups of group 1 were compared with group 2 for the presence of TM.Results: A total of 516 patients were included in the study. Median age at the time of US examination was 24 months (range, 1 month - 17 years). There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2, and boys with undescended testis and group 2 with regard to the presence of TM (p=0.85, p=0.55, respectively). TM was significantly higher in patients who had undergone orchiopexy and presented with testicular pain compared to group 2 (p=0.000, p=0.03, respectively). TM was not detected in patients with epididymo-orchitis, varicocele.Conclusion: We found no association between TM and testicular pathologies. Orchiopexy is likely to increase the prevalence of TM. Testicular pain may be a symptom of microlithiasis.
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