In developing seeds of mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. RLM 198) the period between 20 and 30 days after fertilization (DAF) was identified as the period of active lipid biosynthesis, although dry matter continued to accumulate until maturity. The period of lipid synthesis was associated with a decrease in starch, soluble sugars and protein, thus, giving rise to precursors for the biosynthesis of lipids. Besides decreasing the dry matter content (on both % and seed basis), Zn and S deficiency caused a significant (P > 0.05) reduction in oil content. As compared to control, the decrease in oil content was 11, 12 and 18% at 30 DAF and 4, 9 and 16% at maturity in Zn, S and (Zn+S) deficient treatments, respectively. Throughout the period of seed development, a significant decrease in starch and protein with a slight accumulation of soluble sugars was observed due to deficiency of Zn or S. The rate of [l‐14C]‐acetate incorporation into total lipids, which was maximal at 30 DAF, also displayed a significant decrease due to the abovementioned mineral deficiencies. Addition of Zn or S in vitro, enhanced the lipid synthesis at all stages of seed development. Under Zn and S deficiency, the phospholipids increased from 10 to 30 DAF and then declined until maturity. However, the proportion of glycolipids and free fatty acids increased, with a corresponding decrease in total glycerides. Further, in deficiency treatments, there was an increase in 22:1 with a corresponding decrease in 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 in developing and mature mustard seeds.
S. 1990. Lipid biosynthesis in seeds of mustard {Brassica juncea) influenced by zinc and sulphur deficiency. -Physiol. Plant. 80: 102-108.In developing seeds of mustard {Brassica juncea L. cv. RLM198) the period between 20 and 30 days after fertilization (DAF) was identified as the period of active lipid biosynthesis, although dry matter continued to accumulate until maturity. The period of lipid synthesis was associated with a decrease in starch, soluble sugars and protein, thus, giving rise to precursors for the biosynthesis of lipids. Besides decreasing the dry matter content (on both % and seed basis), Zn and S deficiency caused a significant (F < 0.05) reduction in oil content. As compared to control, the decrease in oil content was 11, 12 and 18% at ,30 DAF and 4, 9 and 16% at maturity in Zn, S and (Zn+S) deficient treatments, respectively. Throughout the period of seed development, a significant decrease in starch anil protein with a slight accumulation of soluble sugars was observed due to deficiency of Zn or S. The rate of [l-'^Cj-acetate incorporation into total lipids, which was maximal at 30 DAF, also displayed a significant decrease due to the abovementioned mineral deficiencies. Addition of Zn or S in vitro, enhanced the lipid synthesis at all stages of seed development. Under Zn and S deficiency, the phospholipids increased from 10 to 30 DAF and then declined until maturity. However, the proportion of giycolipids and free fatty acids increased, with a corresponding decrease in total giycerides. Further, io deficiency treatments, there was an increase in 22:1 with a corresponding decrease in 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 in developing and mature mustard seeds.
Haryana has been blessed abundantly with Stones and limestone reserves. Stone mining is carried out at both large- and small-scale levels. Some of the environmental implications of stone mining are loss of forest land, erosion of soil, degradation in agriculture, reduction in biodiversity, and instability of rock masses. In this paper, we have reviewed the environmental implications in one of the villages of Mewat, Ghatashamshabad, Haryana. Results on the impacts of stone mining on health and environment are summarized and discussed.
In this era of ‘Smart technologies’ there is a demand for power generation using innovative eco- economical technologies. With increasing population, the use of electric power is also increasing. But we know that the resources are limited to generate electricity and this has led to the energy crisis. Under this scenario, we need to explore non-polluting eco-economical methods to generate electricity. To meet this, a smart material such as piezoelectric materials are subjects of extensive research and development and are continuously finding newer applications. The piezoelectric materials convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Mechanical energy can be extracted from kinetic energy of vehicles, footsteps, wind currents, breathing etc. Presently, their diverse applications include flexible, biocompatible and energy efficient smart materials used as nanogenerators. In this article we are reporting the making of a prototype using fish scales as piezoelectric material which can convert energy from surroundings like sound energy, wind currents etc into electrical energy. The energy converted to electrical energy can be used for charging of mobile phones lightning streets, portable medical devices etc. This will help reduce the bio-waste and produce new biocompatible nanogenerators which exhibit a feasible source of continuous power for various self- powered devices.
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