Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) which develops without a known stimulation is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema or both for longer than six weeks. Infections, autoimmunity, food intolerance and internal parasitic infections are supposed to be underlying causes of CSU. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal parasites in children and adult patients diagnosed as CSU, to determine the frequency of parasites in chronic urticaria, and to compare these patients with healthy demographic control groups. Methodology: Seventy six children and 38 adult patients with CSU were examined in terms of parasitic infections. The patients whom parasites were detected received anti-parasitic therapy and the improvements in CSU symptoms were evaluated. Stool samples were examined with direct microscopic examination (native-lugol), stool concentration and trichrome staining methods. Results: In pediatric patient group, 18.4% (n = 14) of the stool samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., 2.6% (n = 2), Dientamoeba fragilis and 1.3% (n = 1), Giardia duodenalis. In adult patient group, Blastocystis sp. was detected in 18.4% (n = 7) of the stool samples. Anti-parasitic therapy yielded substantial improvement in urticaria symptoms in 57.1% of pediatric and 60.0% of adult patients. Conclusions: Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis may play a role in chronic urticaria which seriously disrupts the patient's quality of life. Parasitic infections should not be neglected in patients with cutaneous manifestations.

Pseudomonas putida rarely results in infection, primarily in patients undergoing invasive procedures or immunocompromised hosts. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of Pseudomonas putida infections. This is a retrospectively designed cross-sectional observational study. We retrospectively scanned the data from our hospital for the 10 years before February 15, 2022. The patients with Pseudomonas putida growth in the microbiological cultures and with antibiotic susceptibility tests were included in the study. We recorded culture isolates types, age, gender, comorbidities, immunosuppressive factors, symptoms, invasive medical procedures, length of hospital stay, and radiological findings. The mean age of the patients was 66.2 ± 14.5 years, and the male patients predominated (76.3%, n = 58/76). There was growth in bronchial lavage in 33 patients, sputum in 28, pleural effusion fluid in 12, and tracheal aspirate in 3 patients. The rate of antibiotic-resistant strains was 56.6% (n = 43). All strains were sensitive to colistin (100%), and carbapenem, amikacin, and gentamicin sensitivity rates were high. We observed that the risk of antibiotic resistance increased 4.29 times in the patients in the intensive care unit (Cl:1.27–14.47, P = .01). The patients with Diabetes Mellitus had a higher risk (OR 4.33, Cl:1.11–16.77, P = .03), and in cancer cases, the risk was 3.31 times higher (Cl:1.06–10.32, P = .03). The risk of Pseudomonas putida infection should be considered, particularly in patients with comorbid disorders causing immunosuppression, including Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer.

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