Objective:The clinical use of information technology in orthodontics has increased significantly in recent years. The aim of this systematic review is to perform a scientific analysis of artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthodontics. Methods:An electronic search and manual search were performed on September 25, 2018 about using artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthodontics. Results:A total of 107 studies were found. Nine studies were excluded because of duplication. After exclusion of all the irrelevant and non-English articles, 23 full-text articles remained to be included in this systematic review. 3 additional articles were included in this systematic review. Twelve automatic cephalometric landmark determination, 6 orthodontic diagnosis and treatment outcomes, 2 orthodontic tooth extraction decision, 3 facial attractiveness, 1 headgear selection, 1 touchless sterilisation system and 1 automatic skeletal age determination studies were included in this systematic review. Conclusions:Artificial intelligence and machine learning are mainly focused on determination of automatic cephalometric points, facial attractiveness and tooth extraction decisions for orthodontic purposes. The use of artificial intelligence in orthodontics is important in terms of obtaining more accurate and rapid results clinically.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between psychosociocultural factors and dental malocclusion, facial appearance, and body perception. Material and Methods: The study was carried out with the participation of 112 female and 113 male individuals between the ages of 18 and 25. Individuals were asked to answer the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Physical Appearance Comparison Scale Revised, and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 4-Revised questionnaires. Individuals were divided into three groups Class I, Class II, and Class III according to dental molar relationships. Standard facial and profile photographs of individuals in all groups were taken and soft-tissue measurements were performed. Results: There was no significant psychosociocultural difference between male and female individuals. However, individuals with Class III dental malocclusion compare their physical appearance more than other malocclusion groups and more experience body dissatisfaction (P > 0.05). Individuals with Class III dental malocclusion have higher lower face height, lower lip height, mentolabial angle, facial convexity angle, total facial convexity angle values, and lower forehead height/lower face height, nose height/lower face height ratio, and projection of the upper lip relative to the chin. Individuals with Class II dental malocclusion have lower chin height and anterior mandibular height/lower face height ratio, higher upper lip height/lower face height ratio, and upper lip height/anterior mandibular height ratio. Individuals with Class I dental malocclusion have a lower upper face height/lower face height ratio. Conclusion: Dental malocclusion groups have different facial soft tissue properties. Dental malocclusion and the facial appearance of individuals affect their lives in terms of psychosociocultural aspects.

Objectives:The objective of the present study was to compare the dentoskeletal effects of mini-screw-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in children with different body mass index (BMI) percentiles. Study design:The study was performed on 20 patients who were divided into two groups based on their BMI percentiles as normal-weight (n = 10) and overweight-obese (n = 10). The linear, angular and area analyses were performed on lateral and postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs and three-dimensional dental models before and after RME therapy. Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in maxillary intermolar and intercanine distances and palatal area measurements in both groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups when dental RME changes were measured on 3D models. A significant difference was observed in latero-nasal and maxillo-mandibular width as well as postero-anterior cephalometric parameters between the groups (P < 0.05). While a significant change was observed in the SN-GoMe, FMA, Z angle, Wits appraisal, total anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height parameters in the normal-weight group (P < 0.05), a statistically significant change was observed in the gonial and nasolabial angles in the overweight-obese group. Conclusions: Mini-screw-assisted RME treatment significantly increased maxillary intermolar and intercanine width, and the palatal area in both groups; however, there was no significant difference between the BMI groups.