L. reuteri-containing lozenges may be a useful adjuvant agent to slow re-colonization and improve clinical outcomes of chronic periodontitis. Further studies are required to clarify the optimal dose of the lozenges.

Lozenges containing L. reuteri may be a useful supplement in moderately deep pockets of patients with CP. Low MMP-8 and high TIMP-1 levels may indicate the role of the lozenges in reduction of inflammation-associated markers up to day 180.

Coronally advanced flap in association with ADM can be proposed as a valid approach for the treatment of multiple recessions with thin tissue biotype.

Both techniques were effective in root coverage of multiple recessions; however, better clinical results were achieved with CAF and ADM combination.

We concluded that both the CO(2) and Er:YAG lasers have promising potential for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Lasers in combination with NaF gel appear to show better efficacy compared to either treatment modality alone.

The additional use of PRF membrane did not provide additional benefits in terms of root coverage outcomes compared with CAF alone. The use of PRF membranes increased tissue thickness significantly.

Within the limits of this study, the results indicate that treatment outcome following PRP/BDX application in intrabony defects is impaired with smoking.

There is currently a great interest regarding the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in combination with various bone graft materials in sinus lift procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the radiographic and histological results of sinus augmentation procedures following treatment with PRP/bovine-derived xenograft (BDX) vs. BDX/collagen membrane. Using a split mouth design, 10 patients, with ≤5 mm of residual alveolar bone in the vertical direction, were treated with PRP/BDX or BDX/collagen membrane. At 8 months after surgery, both graft materials led to a satisfactory increase in vertical dimensions of bone. Bone biopsies were taken from the augmented sites during the implant placement. Histological analysis demonstrated that majority of the trabecula contained orderly layered lamellar bone in the PRP/BDX group, whereas mainly woven bone with a haphazard arrangement of collagen fibers were noticed in the BDX /collagen membrane group. It can be concluded that both combinations resulted with a satisfactory bone height, but more prominent and mature bone formation was observed at sites treated with PRP/BDX.