Background: Recently, stem cells have been used to facilitate healing in animal models of renal failure induced by acute ischemic and nephrotoxic damage. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to stimulate stem cell mobilization from bone marrow and these cells may contribute to renal repair.Objectives: In the present study, the effects of G-CSF and stem cell administration as monotherapy or in combination, and the relation of these effects with the duration of therapy, have been investigated in an experimental rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity.Materials and Methods: The fifty rats included in the study were distributed into 4 main groups, Group 1, 2, 3, and 4, and two subgroups for each group, except for Group 1. All rats received an intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Then at 6 h, Groups 1, 2a, 3a, and 4a were administered saline, stem cells, G-CSF, and stem cell plus G-CSF, respectively. At 24 h, Groups 2b, 3b, and 4b were administered stem cells, G-CSF, and stem cell plus G-CSF, respectively. All animals were sacrificed 48 h after the CCl4 injections. Serum urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium levels were measured from blood samples. Tissue α-glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels were also measured from renal tissues.Results: Serum urea was reduced in all groups when compared to Group 1, but the decrease was statistically significant only in Group 3b (P = 0.04). Serum creatinine and sodium levels were similar in all groups (P > 0.05). Tissue GST levels were lower in all groups, but the reduction was significant only in Group 4a, which was administered stem cells + G-CSF at 6 h (P = 0.01). Tubular degeneration and/or tubular dilatation were the most common pathologic changes, and their incidence was similar in all groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Although both stem cell and G-CSF monotherapy led to damage reduction, the effect was not significant. However, the reduced damage by the combined use of stem cells and G-CSF, particularly during the early period, was statistically significant.

EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia is the mismeasurement of the thrombocyte count in EDTA anticoagulated blood, due to aggregation of these cells. The situation may be mistaken with true thrombocytopenia and may lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment, and to loss of power and time. The aim of this case report was to draw attention to EDTA-dependent pseudotyhrombocytopenia, which is one of the possible causes of thrombocytopenia. Case; isolated thrombocytopenia was detected in the EDTA blood sample sent to our laboratory, which had been obtained from a patient hospitalized with the diagnosis of epilepsy in the red area of the emergency medicine unit of our hospital. Another blood sample was collected into Na-citrate, in which the thrombocyte count was observed to be within the normal ranges. Furthermore, thrombocyte aggregations were observed in the peripheral blood smears prepared from the sample with EDTA, whereas no aggregation was observed from the sample with citrate.

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Karnitinin anemi parametrelerini düzelttiği, eritropoetin ihtiyacında azalmaya ve kas krampları ile intradiyalitik komplikasyon sıklığında azalmaya neden olduğu bildirilmiştir. Kronik hemodiyaliz hastalarında karnitin tedavisinin hastaların eritropoetin ihtiyacı, anemi ve diğer metabolik parametreler ile intradiyalitik hipotansiyon, intradiyalitik kas krampları üzerine etkisinin olup olmadığının saptanması amaçlandı. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEm: Hemodiyaliz ünitemizde düzenli tedavi gören 28 hasta (11 kadın, yaş ortalaması 41±16,3 yıl) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışma prospektif çapraz kontrollü olarak planlandı. 14'er hastadan oluşan iki grup (grup 1 ve grup 2) oluşturuldu. Gruplara 12'şer hafta süreyle 20 mg/kg (iv) dozunda L-Karnitin ve plasebo diyaliz sonunda verildi. On iki hafta sonunda plasebo verilen gruba L-karnitin, L-Karnitin verilen gruba ise plasebo verilmeye başlandı ve 24 hafta sonunda çalışma sonlandırıldı. Çalışma öncesi ve çalışma boyunca tüm hastaların kan basınçları, kilo alımları, biyokimyasal ve hematolojik parametreleri ve eritropoetin ihtiyaçları aylık olarak kaydedildi Çalışma süresince hastaların intradiyalitik hipotansiyon, kas krampı ve ultrafiltrasyonun geçici veya kalıcı olarak durdurulduğu seans sayıları saptandı.

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D levels between 12-24 monthold healthy children supplemented with vitamin D (400 IU/day) during the first year. Methods. Descriptive-sectional study conducted between June 2015, and May 2016, in Istanbul (latitude 41ºN). Children aged 12-24 months followed up by the well-child clinic who had vitamin D supplementation in the first year were included in the study. The levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured. Vitamin D status was defined as >20 ng/mL: sufficiency, 15-20 ng/mL: insufficiency and <15 ng/mL: deficiency. Results. The study was completed with 197 children. 26.9 % of children (n = 53) went on receiving supplementation after one year (mean dose 491 ± 267 IU/day). The mean 25(OH)D level was 38.0 ± 13.9 ng/mL. It was found that regular vitamin D intake under one year of age (p = 0.008) and continued support after one year of age (p = 0.042) increased level of 25(OH)D in children aged 12-24 months. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 4.1 % and vitamin D insufficiency in 7.1 %. Mother's education (p = 0.009) and use of formula (p = 0.012) were protective factors in relation to development of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Conclusions. The level of 25(OH)D was sufficient in 88.8 % of children aged 12-24 months receiving 400 IU/day vitamin D supplementation in the first year. Vitamin D supplementation could not be required in healthy children aged 12-24 months who received properly vitamin D supplementation in the first year.

Concentración de vitamina D en niños sanos de 12 a 24 meses que recibieron suplementación con vitamina D hasta el año en Turquía Vitamin D levels of 12-24-month-old healthy children in Turkey who received vitamin D supplementation until the age of one year a.