The intrinsic near-infrared photoluminescence (fluorescence) of single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibits unique photostability, narrow bandwidth, penetration through biological media, environmental sensitivity, and both chromatic variety and range. Biomedical applications exploiting this large family of fluorophores will require the spectral and spatial resolution of individual (n,m) nanotube species’ fluorescence and its modulation within live cells and tissues, which is not possible with current microscopy methods. We present a wide-field hyperspectral approach to spatially delineate and spectroscopically measure single nanotube fluorescence in living systems. This approach resolved up to 17 distinct (n,m) species (chiralities) with single nanotube spatial resolution in live mammalian cells, murine tissues ex vivo, and zebrafish endothelium in vivo. We anticipate that this approach will facilitate multiplexed nanotube imaging in biomedical applications while enabling deep-tissue optical penetration, and single-molecule resolution in vivo.

New high resolution CFHT Fabry-Perot data, combined with published VLA 21 cm observations are used to determine the mass distribution of NGC 3109 and IC 2574. The multi-wavelength rotation curves allow to test with confidence different dark halo functional forms from the pseudo-isothermal sphere to some popular halo distributions motivated by CDM N-body simulations. It appears that the density distributions with high central concentration, predicted by these simulations, are very hard to reconcile with rotation curves of late type spirals. Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is also considered as a potential solution to missing mass and tested the same way. Using the higher resolution Hα data, and new HI data for NGC 3109, one can see that MOND can reproduce in details the rotation curves of IC 2574 and NGC 3109. However, the value for the MOND universal constant is ∼2 times larger than the value found for more massive spirals.

Using the example of the Sd galaxy NGC 5585, it is shown that high-resolution, two-dimensional H II kinematical data are necessary to determine accurately the parameters of the mass (luminous and dark) distribution in spiral galaxies. New Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Fabry-Perot Ha observations are combined with low-resolution (20A) Westerbork H I data to study its mass distribution. Using the combined rotation curve and best-Ðt models, it can be seen that of the luminous disk goes from 0.3, (M/L B ) * using only the H I rotation curve, to 0.8, using both the optical and the radio data. This reduces the dark-to-luminous mass ratio in NGC 5585 by D30% through increasing the dark matter halo core radius by nearly the same amount. This shows the importance of the inner, rising part of the rotation curve for the accurate determination of the parameters of the global mass (luminous and dark) distribution and suggests that such a Ðne tuning of the rotation velocities, using high-resolution, twodimensional H II kinematics, is necessary to look at correlations between the parameters of the dark matter component and other properties of galaxies.