This paper gives an introduction to security challenges arising during the design of automotive hardware/software architectures. State-of-the-art automotive architectures are highly heterogeneous and complex systems that rely on distributed functions based on electronics and software as well as various bus systems and protocols. With the growing connectivity of vehicles, including wireless communication like WiFi or Bluetooth, the vulnerability to attacks infiltrating the system is rapidly growing. Despite this increasing vulnerability, the design of automotive architectures is still mainly driven by safety and cost issues rather than security. In this paper, we present potential threats and vulnerabilities, and outline upcoming security challenges in automotive architectures. In particular, we discuss the challenges arising in electric vehicles, like the vulnerability to attacks tampering with the battery management. Finally, we discuss future in-vehicle architectures based on Ethernet/IP and how formal verification methods might be used to increase the security of automotive architectures.
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