The R/V Oceanus completed a 9,789 km, 28 day passage from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in the Atlantic Ocean, through the Panama Canal to Yaquina Bay, Oregon, in the Pacific Ocean on 21 February 2012. The Oceanus had previously operated in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean (including the Caribbean Sea). We document the sequential acquisition of the barnacles Balanus trigonus and Amphibalanus venustus and the oyster Ostrea equestris on the Oceanus on its high and low latitude transoceanic, intra-oceanic, and interoceanic travels before she was surveyed in Yaquina Bay. The close correspondence between hull fouling accumulations and the detailed two year Oceanus working history reveals B. trigonus settlement occurred in every tropical port visited by the Oceanus, that some populations survived through two of three Woods Hole winters, and that some of these populations passed through the freshwater Panama Canal. These results suggest that marine hull-fouling species are continuously transported globally between most ports of call by most ship passages.
Within the subfamily Danioninae, rasborine cyprinids are known as a ‘catch-all’ group, diagnosed by only a few characteristics. Most species closely resemble each other in morphology. Species identification is therefore often challenging. In this study, we attempted to determine the number of rasborine species occurring in samples from the Mesangat wetlands in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, by using different approaches. Morphological identification resulted in the distinction of five species (Trigonopoma sp., Rasbora cf. hubbsi Brittan, 1954, R. rutteni Weber and de Beaufort, 1916, R. trilineata Steindachner, 1870, and R. vaillantii, Popta 1905). However, genetic species delimitation methods (Poisson tree processes (PTP) and multi-rate PTP (mPTP)) based on DNA barcodes and principal component analysis (PCA) based on homologous geometric morphometric landmarks, revealed a single cluster for Trigonopoma sp. and R. trilineata, respectively, whereas the remaining traditionally identified species were distinguished neither by DNA barcodes nor by the morphometry approach. A k-mean clustering based on the homologous landmarks divided the sample into 13 clusters and was thus found to be inappropriate for landmark data from species extremely resembling each other in morphology. Due to inconsistent results between the applied methods we refer to the traditional identifications and distinguish five rasborine species for the Mesangat wetlands.
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