Severe hyperlactatemia (>10 mmol/L) is associated with extremely high ICU mortality especially when there is no marked lactate clearance within 12 h. In such situations, the benefit of continued ICU therapy should be evaluated.

Many preclinical studies employing adult stem cell-based strategies hold great promise. For endogenous approaches the correlate of cell replacement underlying functional improvement needs to be demonstrated. Transplantation approaches on the experimental level need further development before clinical application can be considered.

No abstract