Laparoscopic myomectomy is a procedure associated with less subjectively reported postoperative pain, lower postoperative fever and shorter hospital stay compared with all types of open myomectomy. No evidence suggested a difference in recurrence risk between laparoscopic and open myomectomy. More studies are needed to assess rates of uterine rupture, occurrence of thromboembolism, need for repeat myomectomy and hysterectomy at a later stage.

Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (Review)

There was no funding for this study. S.F., Y.H., K.D., W.L.M.N., D.S., H.L.C.-v.d.G. and L.R. declare to have no conflicts of interests. D.D.M.B. reports grants from Merck Serono, grants from Ferring and grants from MSD, outside the submitted work. K.F. reports personal fees from MSD (commercial sponsor), personal fees from Ferring (commercial sponsor), grants from Merck-Serono (commercial sponsor), grants from Ferring (commercial sponsor) and grants from MSD (commercial sponsor), outside the submitted work.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men. In recent years, novel therapeutic options for PCa have been developed and studied extensively in clinical trials. Sipuleucel-T is the first cell-based immunotherapeutic vaccine for treatment of cancer. This vaccine consists of autologous mononuclear cells stimulated and loaded with an immunostimulatory fusion protein containing the prostate tumor antigen prostate acid posphatase. The choice of antigen might be key for the efficiency of cell-based immunotherapy. Depending on the treatment strategy, target antigens should be immunogenic, abundantly expressed by tumor cells, and preferably functionally important for the tumor to prevent loss of antigen expression. Autoimmune responses have been reported against several antigens expressed in the prostate, indicating that PCa is a suitable target for immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss PCa antigens that exhibit immunogenic features and/or have been targeted in immunotherapeutic settings with promising results, and we highlight the hurdles and opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.

STUDY QUESTIONS We aim to produce, disseminate and implement a core outcome set for future infertility research. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating infertility treatments have reported many different outcomes, which are often defined and measured in different ways. Such variation contributes to an inability to compare, contrast and combine results of individual RCTs. The development of a core outcome set will ensure outcomes important to key stakeholders are consistently collected and reported across future infertility research. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a consensus study using the modified Delphi method. All stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, allied healthcare professionals, researchers and people with lived experience of infertility will be invited to participate. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS An international steering group, including people with lived experience of infertility, healthcare professionals, allied healthcare professionals and researchers, has been formed to guide the development of this core outcome set. Potential core outcomes have been identified through a comprehensive literature review of RCTs evaluating treatments for infertility and will be entered into a modified Delphi method. Participants will be asked to score potential core outcomes on a nine-point Likert scale anchored between one (not important) and nine (critical). Repeated reflection and rescoring should promote convergence towards consensus ‘core’ outcomes. We will establish standardized definitions and recommend high-quality measurement instruments for individual core outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project is funded by the Royal Society of New Zealand Catalyst Fund (3712235). BWM reports consultancy fees from Guerbet, Merck, and ObsEva. R.S.L. reports consultancy fees from Abbvie, Bayer, Fractyl and Ogeda and research sponsorship from Ferring. S.B. is the Editor-in-Chief of Human Reproduction Open. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

Analysis 4.1. Comparison 4 Aromatase inhibitors compared to laparoscopic ovarian drilling, Outcome 1 Live birth rate. Analysis 4.2. Comparison 4 Aromatase inhibitors compared to laparoscopic ovarian drilling, Outcome 2 Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rate.

Antibiotic therapy for pelvic inflammatory disease.

A growing list of clinical adjuncts are being used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Most of these IVF add-ons (such as growth hormone, aspirin, heparin, dehydroepiandrostenedione, testosterone, male and female antioxidants, and screening hysteroscopy) are being introduced into routine clinical practice in a hurried manner without any clear evidence of benefit in most cases. These addons make the IVF more complicated and increase the overall cost for the treatment, which is borne by the couples and health care providers. Our current review found no high-quality evidence to support the use of these IVF add-ons in routine practice. Large, well-designed, randomized trials must be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these interventions. There is also a pressing need to develop an evidence-dictated mechanism for introducing newer interventions into routine clinical settings. (Fertil Steril Ò 2019;112:978-86. Ó2019 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.