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Conformance checking is a set of process mining functions that compare process instances with a given process model. It identifies deviations between the process instances' actual behaviour ("asis") and its modelled behaviour ("to-be"). Especially in the context of analyzing compliance in organizations, it is currently gaining momentum-e.g. for auditors. Researchers have proposed a variety of conformance checking techniques that are geared towards certain process model notations or specific applications such as process model evaluation. This article reviews a set of conformance checking techniques described in 37 scholarly publications. It classifies the techniques along the dimensions "modelling language", "algorithm type", "quality metric", and "perspective" using a concept matrix so that the techniques can be better accessed by practitioners and researchers. The matrix highlights the dimensions where extant research concentrates and where blind spots exist. For instance, process miners use declarative process modelling languages often, but applications in conformance checking are rare. Likewise, process mining can investigate process roles or process metrics such as duration, but conformance checking techniques narrow on analyzing control-flow. Future research may construct techniques that support these neglected approaches to conformance checking. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Business process management; Business process modeling; Business intelligence; • Information systems → Data mining.

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Since process mining started to reveal the potential of event logs, it has been applied in various process settings ranging from healthcare to production. Every single setting poses its challenges to process analysts who want to apply process mining. The present paper aims at minimizing such challenges for enterprises in the industrial sector by providing a coherent overview of existing cases. Our systematic literature review relates each production form and layout from existing case studies to the applied process mining type. Further, we use Porter's Value Chain to distinguish operations from other primary and support activities in production. We present the application of process mining, particularly for the production process and the primary activities other than the operations. The results indicate that process mining fits best with cellular production layouts with batch or line production processes.

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