Through Ireland's national seabed mapping programme, Integrated Mapping for the Sustainable Development of Ireland's Marine Resource (INFOMAR), the collaboration between Geological Survey Ireland and the Marine Institute continues to comprehensively map Ireland's marine territory in high resolution. Through its work, the programme builds on earlier Irish seabed mapping efforts, including the Irish National Seabed Survey project in producing seabed mapping products that support Ireland's blue economy, European marine policy and international efforts to understand our global oceans. INFOMAR uses a variety of marine technologies to deliver accurate bathymetric maps and useful data products to end users through a free and open source licensing agreement. To reflect the diversity of applications these data products serve, a series of four case studies are presented here focusing on marine geophysical and geological data from locations within Ireland's marine territories. The case studies illustrate how data generated through seabed mapping may be interpreted to directly impact the generation of blue knowledge across a variety of marine environments ranging from shallow coastal and shelf waters to the deep oceanic depths of the continental slope of Ireland's marine area. The impact of Ireland's seabed mapping efforts is further considered in the context of national, European and international initiatives where Ireland's marine knowledge resource is leveraged to deliver positive benefit to the programme's stakeholders.
Geological Survey Ireland is a division of a government department and
has typical origins as a geological survey founded to map the nation's
natural resources. In recent years it has changed focus from more
traditional geological mapping activities and methods to carrying out major
projects of national societal value using, and developing, the latest
technology. Programmes include one of the world's largest seabed surveys
INFOMAR, a national groundwater mapping and protection programme, and modern
geophysical and geochemical mapping under its Tellus programme. In addition
the Survey has developed a successful geoscience research programme and a
business cluster, Geoscience Ireland. By focusing on stakeholder engagement,
effective communication of the value of geoscience and maintaining
scientific rigour, geological surveys can be as relevant today as when they
were founded.
Considering the way architects and urban designers work is critical to the implementation of Food-Energy-Water (FEW)-research when imagining the future of cities. Current FEW-research places emphasis on decision support systems, backed by quantification driven approaches to analyse the FEW-nexus. However, it forgets the heuristic, iterative process of design, that is different for all designers or design teams. As such, this chapter explores how architects and urban designers engage with place, the context of landscape and urban settlement, and data, the metrics by which the FEWnexus is analysed. Proposed is a view that designers continually oscillate between content and form, iterating designs that access data or information on a need-to-know basis. Reflections between content and form are defined as 'enquiry', testing of content in the design process, and 'validation', scrutinising the implications of a design on the FEW-nexus. Consequently, it poses the question of how much a designer really needs to know within the process and whether they place greater emphasis on truth or validity as a modus operandi? The complexity, messiness and interconnectedness of the city requires a design approach that current FEW decision support systems do not take into consideration. The projective, conceptual and speculative operatives of design allow for new ways of viewing the FEW-nexus but requires flexible frameworks and mediums that enable designers to scale and frame propositions based on FEW-literate information at hand rather than in-depth quantification and data collection. Ultimately, design is an effective, rather than efficient, practice that considers wider social, cultural and environmental implications on the city and its residents.
“Corn is not high because a rent is paid, but a rent is paid because corn is high; and it has been justly observed that no reduction would take place in the price of corn although landlords should forego the whole of their rent”.
David Ricardo, 1917
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