We report the results of the surface chemistry of deuterized ethanol exposed Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) surfaces with various amount of C2D5OD exposures at 190 K. This system was examined with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. In TPD study, D2 was evolved at two different desorption temperature regions accompanying with broad desorption background. The lower temperature feature at around 520 K showed first-order desorption kinetics. The high temperature desorption peak at around 650 K shifted to lower desorption temperature as the exposure of C2D5OD increased. The Zr(MNV) Auger peak shifted about 2.5 eV from 147 eV to lower electron energy followed by 300 L of C2D5OD dosing. This implies metallic zirconium was oxidized by deuterized ethanol adsorption. After stepwise annealing of the oxidized Zry-4 sample up to 843 K, the shifted Zr(MNV) peak was gradually shifted back to metallic zirconium peak position. After the sample was heated to 843 K, the oxygen content near the Zry-4 surface was recovered to clean surface level. The concentration of carbon, however, was not recovered by annealing the sample.
Recently, Korean college students are experiencing hardships due to their irregular eating habit. As their dietary and calorie-consuming patterns are neither consistent nor regular in particular, this research was conducted in need for an empirical study regarding them. The study chose convenience sampling method and asked 200 Korean male and female college students to self-report their caloric intake and consumption calories. Then, the caloric intakes were analyzed with CAN-Pro 4.0, and burnt calories were analyzed by recording the actual physical activities the students carried out. For the statistics, SPSS ver 18.0 was used; here the average, stand deviation, and cross-tabulation analysis (x2) were calculated. For both male and female students, the numbers were revealed to be high in the consumption calorie groups. The research concludes that the group with the adequate body composition in line with the Korean students' nutritional intake and consumption calorie was the one that had three meals a day; the intake calorie of male students that had two meals a day rather than three was found out to be higher than that of the female counterpart. In addition, the groups that had three meals a day turned out to be doing more physical activities; therefore, it is very important that the students try to have meals three times a day on a regular basis, rather than choosing to develop a habit of having meals irregularly.
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